摘要
采用小区试验,设置常规施肥(U,240 kg/hm^(2))、包膜控释肥料(CU,180 kg/hm^(2))、双效抑制剂增效肥料(DU,180 kg/hm^(2))、添加生物炭保护层的抑制剂增效肥料(BU,180 kg/hm^(2))一次性施肥、无氮对照(CK)5个处理,研究对夏玉米生长、产量、氨挥发和土壤无机氮残留的影响。结果表明,一次性施肥显著增加了苗期无机氮的供应,在大喇叭口期维持一定的供氮强度,其中BU处理供氮较高。与常规施肥处理相比,一次性减量施肥对营养生长的影响不明显,产量未出现下降,氮肥农学效率显著增加,氨挥发降低54%~63%,硝态氮残留减少6%~20%。3种缓控释肥减量一次性施用均可维持较高的产量并降低环境影响。与聚合物包膜控释肥相比,双效抑制剂增效肥制作简单、成本低,氮素释放快、供应充足,添加生物炭保护层可以进一步促进增产增效。
A field experiment was conducted with 5 treatments,(1)control(CK):no N fertilizer;(2)convention⁃al fertilization(U):traditional urea at 240 kg/ha by two splits;(3)synergistic urea(DU):double-effect inhibitor syner⁃gistic urea mixed with traditional urea=2:1,one-off fertilization at 180 kg/ha;(4)coated urea(CU):resin-coated urea mixed with traditional urea=1:2,one-off application at 180 kg/ha;(5)biochar synergistic urea(BU):biochar synergistic urea and traditional urea mixed at 2:1,one-off fertilization at 180 kg/ha,to verify the trait of nitrogen(N)supply,yield and environmental impacts.Three one-off fertilization treatments significantly increased mineral N supply in the early stage,and maintained a certain N supply intensity in the big bell stage;the N supply of the BU treatment was higher than the other two treatments.Compared with U treatment,one-off fertilization did not produce obvious effects on maize growth and yield,and the agronomic N efficiency increased significantly,the NH3 emission decreased by 54%-63%and soil nitrate N residues also decreased by 6%-29%.In Conclusion,one-off application of the controlledow release fertilizers by 25%reduction can sustain a high-level yield and reduce environmental im⁃pacts.In comparison to polymer-coated urea,the manufacture of double effect inhibitor synergistic urea is simpler,lower cost,and the N release is faster,resulting in sufficient supply.The double effect inhibitor synergistic urea add⁃ed with biochar protective layer can further promote yield and N use efficiency.
作者
杨俊刚
安文博
连炳瑞
邹国元
王激清
孙焱鑫
YANG Jun-gang;AN Wen-bo;LIAN Bing-rui;ZOU Guo-yuan;WANG Ji-qing;SUN Yan-xin(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097;Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow,Controlled-release Fertilizer,Beijing 100097;College of Agriculture and Forestry,Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou 075000,China)
出处
《玉米科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期135-142,共8页
Journal of Maize Sciences
基金
财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系”(CARS-02)
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200601)
北京市粮经作物产业创新团队(BAIC09-2019)。
关键词
夏玉米
包膜尿素
增效尿素
氨挥发
氮素残留
Summer maize
Coated urea
Synergistic urea
Ammonia volatilization
Nitrate residual
