摘要
为了探讨和筛选夏玉米高产高效分层施肥技术模式,设计了不施肥、一层施肥、两层施肥和三层施肥4种不同施肥方式以及分层施肥量的不同比例,研究了分层施肥对夏玉米养分吸收、养分转运规律、养分系数及产量的影响。结果表明,与常规一层施肥相比,三层施肥有利于提高吐丝期氮、磷、钾养分吸收量,提高了氮、钾养分转运量和转运效率;8 cm、15 cm、22 cm肥料比例7∶5∶3的三层施肥模式在吐丝期氮、磷、钾养分吸收量分别增加14.5%、13.0%和46.1%,在成熟期氮、钾养分转运效率分别增加9.1%、75.9%,玉米籽粒产量增加8.8%,100 kg籽粒磷、钾养分需求量显著增加。这种肥料量自上而下呈递减的分层施肥模式优化了肥料在土壤中的纵向分布,促进了夏玉米根系对养分的吸收和转运,提高了肥料利用率和玉米籽粒产量。推荐8 cm、15 cm、22 cm肥料比例7∶5∶3的三层施肥模式为夏玉米最优模式。
In order to explore and screen the high-yield and high-efficient layered fertilization technology mode of summer maize,four different fertilization methods were designed,including no fertilization,one-layer fertilization,two-layer fertilization and three-layer fertilization,and different proportions of layered fertilization,the effects of layered fertilization on nutrient absorption,nutrient transport regularity,nutrient coefficient and yield of summer maize were studied.The results showed that the three-layer fertilization improved the nutrient absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium at silking stage compared with conventional one-layer fertilization,increased the transport amount and transport efficiency of nitrogen and potassium.Compared with conventional one-layer fertilization,the three-layer fertilization mode with 8 cm,15 cm and 22 cm fertilizer ratios of 7∶5∶3 increased the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by 14.5%,13.0%and 46.1%at the silking stage,the nitrogen and potassium transport efficiency increased by 9.1%and 75.9%at the mature stage,the yield of maize increased by 8.8%,the demand for phosphorus and potassium nutrients in 100 kg grain increased significantly.The layered fertilization mode with decreasing fertilizer amount from top to bottom optimized the vertical distribution of fertilizer in the soil,promoted the nutrient absorption and transport by summer maize roots,and improved fertilizer utilization rate and maize grain yield.It is recommended that the three-layer fertilization mode with the ratios of 8 cm,15 cm and 22 cm fertilizer 7∶5∶3 is the optimal mode for summer maize.
作者
宋朝玉
王圣健
黄俊杰
宫明波
王瑞英
朱丕生
SONG Chaoyu;WANG Shengjian;HUANG Junjie;GONG Mingbo;WANG Ruiying;ZHU Pisheng(Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266100,China)
出处
《青岛农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
2023年第1期1-7,共7页
Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science)
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301002)。
关键词
夏玉米
分层施肥
养分吸收
养分系数
summer maize
layered fertilization
nutrient absorption
nutrient coefficient
