摘要
气候条件是影响绿色屋顶径流调控效益的重要因素,目前国内尚缺乏不同气候区城市绿色屋顶径流调控效益的对比研究.基于北京市区搭建的绿色屋顶在2017—2019年实测降雨-径流数据,率定和验证Hydrus-1D绿色屋顶降雨-径流模型,并采用该模型模拟分析6个不同气候区城市(兰州、北京、沈阳、合肥、上海和深圳)绿色屋顶在不同设计暴雨条件下的降雨-径流过程,定量分析气候条件对绿色屋顶径流调控效益的影响.结果表明:基于Hydrus-1D可准确模拟绿色屋顶径流过程,模型率定与验证的纳什效率系数平均值分别为0.73和0.67;不同气候区城市绿色屋顶径流削减率、洪峰削减率和产流延迟时间随暴雨重现期增加而降低,兰州绿色屋顶的峰现延迟时间随重现期增加明显降低,而其他城市绿色屋顶的峰现延迟时间较短,均在0~2 min;半干旱气候区城市兰州绿色屋顶的径流削减率(23.89%~68.73%)和洪峰削减率(44.15%~88.21%)均明显高于其他湿润、半湿润气候区城市;兰州绿色屋顶的产流延迟时间最高(37~52 min),依次高于北京、合肥、沈阳、上海和深圳.随气候条件由湿润到干旱,绿色屋顶的径流调控效益逐渐提高.研究结果可望为我国不同气候区城市绿色屋顶水文设计与评估提供科学参考.
Runoff management performances of green roofs are affected by climatic conditions,but there is still a lack of studies comparing the hydrological performances of green roofs in different climate zones in China.Based on the observation data of rainfall-runoff processes of a green roof from 2017 to 2019 in Beijing,a Hydrus-1D model of green roofs’rainfall-runoff processes was calibrated and validated.Six cities with notably different climate conditions were selected to quantify the rainfall-runoff processes of green roofs under different climate zones through this model.The results indicate that the hydrological model based on Hydrus-1D can accurately simulate the runoff process of green roofs,and the average values of Nash efficiency coefficients of calibration and validation are 0.76 and 0.71,respectively.The runoff reduction rate,peak discharge reduction rate,and time delay in runoff generation of the green roofs all reduce as the increase of storm design return period for each city.Green roofs in the semiarid climate zone(i.e.,Lanzhou)have a higher runoff reduction rate(23.89%~68.73%)and peak discharge reduction rate(44.15%~88.21%)than those in other cities.The time delay of runoff generation of green roofs in Lanzhou is 37~52 min,which is higher than those in the subhumid and humid climatic regions(i.e.,Beijing,Hefei,Shenyang,Shanghai,and Shenzhen).Except for Lanzhou(3~24 min),the time delay of peak discharge in the other five cities is not obvious(0~2 min).In conclusion,green roofs perform better hydrological benefits in dry climates than in humid climates.These results are expected to provide scientific references for the development of green roofs in different climate zones.
作者
王恺
章孙逊
张守红
WANG Kai;ZHANG Sunxun;ZHANG Shouhong(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing 100083;National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research in Ji County,Linfen 042200)
出处
《环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期195-205,共11页
Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae
基金
国家自然科学基金(No.52279001)。
