摘要
目的分析内蒙古自治区包头市儿童急性呼吸道感染(acute respiratory infection,ARI)病原体分布及流行特征。方法将2016年7月1日至2021年6月30日包头市7家三级医院儿科40180例0~12岁ARI患儿的鼻咽拭子标本纳入研究,并按性别、年龄、季节、年份进行分组研究。采用高通量荧光基因芯片技术进行26种34个亚型病原体基因检测。统计学方法采用χ^(2)检验。结果40180例标本中,共32887例检出病原体,检出率为81.85%;其中16289例(49.53%)为单一病原体感染,11679例(35.51%)为双重感染,4919例(14.96%)为三重及以上感染。累计检出58993株病原体株,其中细菌检出率为66.69%(26798/40180);病毒检出率为71.89%(28884/40180)。细菌中前3位为肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和溶血性链球菌。病毒中前3位为呼吸道合胞病毒、副流感病毒和腺病毒。男性22727例(56.56%),女性17453例(43.44%);病毒与细菌检出率男性均高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为32.180、5.645,P值均<0.05)。年龄<3岁者占69.35%(27865/40180),其病毒、细菌、白色念珠菌、肺炎支原体检出率均高于≥3岁儿童(χ^(2)值分别为1505.948、4613.823、48.792、4361.449,P值均<0.001)。春季送检10858份(27.02%),夏季送检7048份(17.54%),秋季送检9765份(24.30%),冬季送检12509份(31.13%),除了肺炎克雷伯菌,其他病原体在不同季节的分布比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。一年四季均以肺炎链球菌感染为主;在病毒感染中,春秋两季以副流感病毒为主,夏季以腺病毒为主,冬季以呼吸道合胞病毒为主。不同年份的病原体检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.001)。2016年至2021年肺炎链球菌是感染占比最高的病原体。结论内蒙古自治区包头市0~12岁ARI患儿的病原体以病毒为主,其次为细菌、肺炎支原体。男性患儿发病率高于女性患儿;年龄<3岁者高于≥3岁者;冬春季高于夏秋季,医务工作者应高度重视。
Objective To analyze the pathogen distribution and epidemic characteristics of acute respiratory infection(ARI)in children in Baotou,Inner Mongolia.Method Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 40180 ARI children aged 0-12 years from 7 tertiary hospitals in Baotou city from July 1,2016 to June 30,2021 were included in the study,and grouped by gender,age,season and year.The high throughput fluorescence gene microarray technique was used to detect 34 subtypes of 26 pathogens.Statistical method performed byχ^(2) test.Result Pathogens were detected in 32887 of 40180 samples,the detection rate was 81.85%.Among them,16289 cases(49.53%)were infected with single pathogen,11679 cases(35.51%)were infected with double pathogen,and 4919 cases(14.96%)were infected with triple or more pathogens.A total of 58993 pathogen strains were detected,among which the bacterial detection rate was 66.69%(26798/40180).The virus detection rate was 71.89%(28884/40180).The top three bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae,haemophilus influenzae and hemolytic streptococcus.The top three viruses were respiratory syncytial virus,parainfluenza virus and adenovirus.There were 22727 males(56.56%)and 17453 females(43.44%);the detection rates of viruses and bacteria in males were greater than those in females,the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=32.180,5.645,P<0.05).Children with age<3 years accounted for 69.35%(27865/40180),the detection rates of the viruses,bacteria,candida albicans,mycoplasma pneumoniae were higher than those in children with≥3 years old(χ^(2)=1505.948,4613.823,48.792,361.449,all P<0.001).10858(27.02%)samples were collected in spring,7048(17.54%)samples in summer,9765(24.30%)samples in autumn,and 12509(31.13%)samples in winter.In addition to Klebsiella pneumoniae,the distribution of other pathogens in different seasons was compared,all the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Streptococcus pneumoniae was the main infection throughout the year.Among the virus infections,parainfluenza virus was the main virus in spring and autumn,adenovirus in summer and respiratory syncytial virus in winter.The difference of pathogen detection rate in different years was statistically significant(P<0.001).Streptococcus pneumoniae was the pathogen with the highest proportion of infections from 2016 to 2021.Conclusion In Baotou,Inner Mongolia,the main pathogens of ARI children aged 0-12 years are viruses,followed by bacteria and mycoplasma pneumoniae.The incidence of ARI in male children is higher than that in female children;children with age<3 years is higher than that of≥3 years;winter and spring are higher than summer and autumn,so medical workers should pay more attention to them.
作者
赵常亮
蒋海燕
吴玥
刘利军
Zhao Changliang;Jiang Haiyan;Wu Yue;Liu Lijun(Department of Pediatrics,Baotou Steel Group Third Staff Hospital,Inner Mongolia,Baotou 014010,China;Epidemiology Department,Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Zhejiang,Hangzhou 310000,China)
出处
《发育医学电子杂志》
2023年第2期119-124,共6页
Journal of Developmental Medicine (Electronic Version)
关键词
儿童
急性呼吸道感染
病原体分布
高通量荧光基因芯片
流行特征
肺炎链球菌
Children
Acute respiratory infection
Pathogen distribution
High throughput fluorescent gene chip
Epidemic characteristics
Streptococcus pneumoniae
