摘要
基于黑龙江省62个气象台站1961-2019年逐日气象资料,利用联合国粮农组织(FAO)推荐的方法计算大豆需水量,应用美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的方法计算有效降水,采用M-K检验、GIS反距离加权插值等方法分析黑龙江省大豆各生育阶段水分盈亏指数及干旱与洪涝演变特征。结果表明:黑龙江省大豆生长季内有效降水在开花以前主要呈增加趋势,开花及以后主要呈减少趋势;大豆需水量在第三真叶期以前主要呈增加趋势,第三真叶期及以后呈减少趋势,结荚-鼓粒期和鼓粒-成熟期减少趋势最为显著。大豆生长季内水分盈亏指数(Crop water surplus deficit index,CWSDI)中部偏东地区和最北部地区最高,东部高于西部;开花-结荚期和结荚-鼓粒期CWSDI最低,鼓粒-成熟期最高。洪涝多发于偏北部地区,东部多于西部,出苗-第三真叶期洪涝发生站次最多。干旱发生频次高于洪涝,西部或西南部干旱发生频率高于东部,中部和北部最低,干旱多发生于开花-鼓粒期。
Based on the daily meteorological data from 62 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang province from 1961 to 2019,the water requirement of soybean was calculated using the method recommended by FAO,and the effective precipitation was calculated using the method recommended by Soil Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture.M-K test and GIS inverse distance weighted interpolation methods were used to analyze the crop water surplus deficit index(CWSDI)and the evolution characteristics of drought and flood at different growth stages of soybean in Heilongjiang province.The results showed that the effective precipitation in the growing season of soybean in Heilongjiang province mainly increased before flowering and decreased after flowering.The water requirement of soybean mainly increased before the third true leaf stage,but decreased after the third true leaf stage,and decreased significantly at pod-grain filling stage and drum-mature stage.The CWSDI of soybean in the growing season was the highest in the eastern central region and the northernmost region,and the eastern region was higher than the western region.The CWSDI was the lowest in flowering-pod and pod-drum stages,and the highest in the drum-grain stage.The flood occurred more frequently in the northern region,more in the east than in the west,and the number of flood stations was the most in the emerging and third true leaf stage.The frequency of drought was higher than that of a flood,higher in the west or southwest than in the east,and lowest in the central and north.Drought often occured in flowering-grain stage.
作者
翟墨
李秀芬
刘丹
余兰
曲辉辉
ZHAI Mo;LI Xiu-fen;LIU Dan;YU Lan;QU Hui-hui(Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Meteorological Sciences/Innovation and Opening laboratory of Regional Eco-Meteorology in Northeast,China Meteorological Administration/Meteorological Academician Workstation of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150030,China;Anda Meteorological Service,Anda 151400,China)
出处
《气象与环境学报》
2023年第1期92-99,共8页
Journal of Meteorology and Environment
基金
黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2020D017)
中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所区域合作科研项目(2020SYIAEHZ1)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31801253)共同资助。
关键词
大豆
水分盈亏指数
干旱
洪涝
Soybean
Crop water surplus deficit index
Drought
Flood
