摘要
减排技术适用性评估的缺失,限制了区域水稻生产精准减碳政策的制定和中国双碳战略相关体系的完善。该研究通过对湖南水稻生产现状分析和干湿交替灌溉甲烷(CH4)减排技术区域适用性评估,力求为湖南水稻主产区提供精准的丰产减排水分管理措施。收集2016-2019年湖南水稻生产数据及各地市多年(1960-2017年)气象数据,利用基于稻田水分平衡模型的干湿交替灌溉技术适用性评估方法并结合地理信息系统工具,评估了该方法在湖南稻区的适用性及其加权CH4减排潜力。结果表明:2016—2019年湖南水稻播种面积略有下降,其中早、晚稻播种面积且单季稻播种面积逐年增加;而水稻单产稳步增加,单季稻4 a内年均单产为7259 kg/hm^(2),比双季早、晚稻分别高21.68%、13.19%。在湖南省地市和县区两级层面上,干湿交替灌溉适用性均具有显著的时间和空间差异,市、县两级层面上,相比早稻和中稻,晚稻更适宜实施干湿交替灌溉。针对水稻生育期,早稻季生长后期干湿交替灌溉适宜性较高,单季稻生长中、后期适宜性更好,而晚稻除分蘖期,其余生育期均适合执行干湿交替灌溉技术。干湿交替灌溉技术在湖南稻区有较大的减排潜力(51.16%),考虑适用性情景的干湿交替灌溉(Alternate Wetting and Drying,AWD)加权减排量达49.36万t,占全国稻田CH4排放的5.54%。在确保稻谷供应的基础上,因时因地制宜的实施动态的干湿交替灌溉精准调控技术,是湖南水稻生产低碳转型高质量发展的关键举措。
Water scarcity and rising greenhouse gas emissions had been the problems facing the sustainable development of agriculture.Rice planting was a major contributor to water consumption and methane(CH4)emissions in agriculture.Water management was an effective measure for water saving and CH4 mitigation.However,the deletion of the applicability assessment of methane mitigation technology limited the formulation of an accurate carbon reduction policy for regional rice production and the improvement of China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality strategy.Based on the analysis of rice production status in Hunan Province,China and the regional applicability evaluation of Alternate Wetting and Drying(AWD)CH4 mitigation technology,this study aimed to provide precise cooperative measures for high yield and emission reduction in major rice-producing areas in Hunan.This assessment method was developed by the International Rice Research Institute(IRRI)and had been well-evaluated in many Southeast Asian counties.The rice production data(2016-2019)and meteorological data of various cities(1960-2017)were collected in Hunan.The AWD technique was based on the rice field water balance model and combined with Geographic Information System(GIS)to evaluate the applicability and weighted CH4 mitigation potential of this technique in Hunan Province.The method assumed that rainfall was the only input water source.Meanwhile,input data needed to be highly accessible.Soil and climate data were limited factors to improve this model.Therefore,more normalized and scientific management was required for data collection.The method to assess CH4 emission in rice field was adopted by Guidelines for the provincial greenhouse gas inventories(for trial implementation)which were considered by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)tier 2 method.The emission factor method would be used as the main method for accounting CH4 emission in rice fields.The advantage of the emission factor method was that it was simpler,and saved more resources and manpower.However,the emission factor affected the accuracy of CH4 emission accounting.It needed to evaluate CH4 emission with local emission factors.In this study,the methane emission factor of continuous flooding and AWD technique was elected by our group’s long-term field research as well as the literature review.The result indicated that,from 2016 to 2019,the sown area of rice in Hunan showed a downward trend and double-season planting was gradually changed to,partly at least,single-season planting.The yield of rice increased steadily,and the annual yield of single-cropping rice was 7259 kg/hm^(2) in four years,which was 21.68%and 13.19%higher than that of early and late rice,respectively.At the city and county levels,there was a significant spatial-temporal difference in the applicability of AWD.Compared with early and single-cropping rice,late rice was more suitable for the AWD technique.Precipitation was the key to the effect of AWD suitability assessment.Hunan’s low precipitation and higher temperature during late rice growing season provided implementation conditions for AWD.For the growth duration of rice,it showed that the AWD suitability of early and single-cropping rice was better in the later period of rice growth duration.However,the AWD technique was suitable for late rice except for tillering stage.AWD had great CH4 mitigation potential(51.16%)in Hunan province.Considering the applicability scenario,AWD could reduce 493600 t of CH4 emission,accounting for 5.54%of CH4 emission from nationwide paddy fields.There had many limitations to the adoption of AWD.It needed complete infrastructure,stable irrigation water,technical guidance and necessity to consider the economic benefits of implementing units.To ensure the rice supply for food security,implementing dynamic AWD precise control technology according to local conditions was the key measure for low-carbon transformation and high-quality development of rice production in major rice cropping regions in Hunan.
作者
张志伟
秦晓波
樊建凌
魏显虎
万运帆
王金明
廖育林
鲁艳红
Zhang Zhiwei;Qin Xiaobo;Fan Jianling;Wei Xianhu;Wan Yunfan;Wang Jinming;Liao Yulin;Lu Yanhong(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural and Rural Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutral Research Center/Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;Soils and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha 410125,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第S01期232-239,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700202-05)
江西省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(20221ZDH04057)
国家自然科学基金(41775157)。
关键词
稻田
甲烷
减排技术和潜力
干湿交替
适用性评估
rice fields
methane
mitigation technologies and potential
Alternate Wetting and Drying(AWD)
applicability assessment
