摘要
牧野之战是殷周两国命运攸关的大决战。此役周人以少胜多,一战克捷,致使共主地位易嬗。周人偏居西土,本一蕞尔小邦,其疆域不比殷人辽阔,生产力不比殷人发达,军事实力也不比殷人强大,竟一夜之间战胜“大邑商”代之为天下共主,此亦有故。商纣统治时期,藩属诸侯离心离德,统一贵族国家渐趋瓦解,宗主国地位风雨飘摇。作为单个政治实体来说,殷周实力对比也发生微妙变化。在疆域、人口、经济等客观条件上,商本土国优于周邦,在治国效能上周邦却远胜于殷王国,从而弥补了客观条件上的不足。当殷周牧野决战时,殷军数量上虽居优势,但周人在战术上高扬正义,以激励士气;严整布阵,以形成合力;驰车突进,以锐兵破敌。牧野之战推翻了商王国对天下万国的统治,确立了周邦天下共主的地位,从而揭开了西周文明与历史的新篇章。
The Battle of Muye was a decisive battle of Yin and Zhou dynasties.The Zhou people won the war with fewer people which led to the replacement of the co-ruler of the world.The Zhou lied in the west and were small.Their territory,productive forces,and military strength were all inferior than those of Yin.There is a reason why the people of Zhou defeated the“Dayishang”overnight and became the co-rulers of the world.During the reign of King Zhou of the Shang dynasty,vassal states deviated from his government,the unified aristocratic state gradually collapsed,and the suzerainty status was in turmoil.As a single political entity,Yin and Zhou dynasties also changed subtly.In terms of territory,population,economy and other objective conditions,Shang is better than Zhou,while Zhou is much better than the Shang in national governance,thus making up for the deficiency in objective conditions.In the final battle of Muye,although the Yin army was numerically superior,the Zhou promote justice in tactics to motivate their morale,arrange the array in order to form a resultant force,drive forward and break the enemy with sharp troops.The Battle of Muye overthrew the rule of Shang State over the world and established Zhou State as the co-ruler of the world,thus opening a new chapter of Western Zhou civilization and history.
出处
《中原文化研究》
2023年第2期57-63,共7页
The Central Plains Culture Research
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“多卷本《西周史》”(17ZDA179)。
关键词
周人
克商
利簋
牧野之战
共主易嬗
the people of Zhou dynasty
conquer the Shang dynasty
Li Gui
the Battle of Muye
the replacement of the co-ruler of the world
