摘要
设计由国际救援示位标、着陆搜寻信标机、北斗短报文收发终端、铱卫星手机、信标天线及天线网络组成的回收着陆搜救系统,进一步提升载人飞船回收着陆搜救系统的可靠性。该系统首先通过飞船上的国际救援示位标及配套信标天线和天线网络,将位置信息通过国际搜索和救援卫星系统(COSPAS-SARSAT)转发至搜救控制中心,完成载人飞船的初步位置锁定。救援直升机/越野车/救援船根据位置信息赶赴返回落点现场,通过装载的243定向接收仪接收着陆搜寻信标机发出的信标信号,完成定向,并从不同方向锁定和实时跟踪信标,缩小搜救范围。配置着陆搜寻信标机和铱卫星手机,分别实现基于243 MHz的半双工的模拟话音通信和基于铱卫星系统的全双工的数字语音通信。通过配置北斗短报文收发终端,利用已有的北斗二号和北斗三号导航星座,实现位置信息的获取和转发。配置闪光灯及海水染色剂作为辅助救援手段,进一步提升陆上和海上的搜救可靠性。文章设计的系统支持正常及自主应急返回的着陆搜救任务,适应陆地及海上搜救的需求,已经成功应用于神舟十二号~神舟十四号载人飞船的回收救援,能有效提升定位精度和缩短救援时间。
In order to improve the reliability of manned spacecraft recovery and landing system,a search and rescue system based on international rescue position indicator,landing search beacon,BD short message transceiver terminal,Iridium telephone,beacon antenna and antenna network is designed.The international rescue position indicator starts working firstly which sends the position information to COSPAS-SARSAT.COSPAS-SARSAT forwards the positioning information to rescue control center to complete the preliminary position locking of the spacecraft.The 243MHz directional receiver receives the beacon signal sent from the landing search beacon of manned spacecraft,directing the helicopters,vehicles and ships to the landing position.The searching range is scaled down from different directions by real-time tracking of the beacons.Landing search beacon and Iridium telephone are deployed,half-duplex analog voice communications by 243MHz and full-duplex digital voice communications by Iridium system are realized respectively.BD short message transceiver terminal is adopted to acquire and transmit the position information through BDS-2 and BDS-3 satellites.Flash lamp and seawater dye are used to improve the reliabi￣lity of search and rescue system as auxiliary means.This system supports the search and rescue of both the normal and autonomous emergency return,meets the needs of searching on both land and sea,and has been applied to the recovery and rescue of manned spacecraft successfully from Shenzhou-12 to Shenzhou-14.Using this new system,the position accuracy has been improved and the searching time has been shortened effectively.
作者
龙吟
黄才
孙斌
LONG Yin;HUANG Cai;SUN Bin(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)
出处
《航天器工程》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期49-58,共10页
Spacecraft Engineering
基金
国家科技重大专项。
关键词
载人飞船
回收着陆救援系统
国际救援示位标
着陆搜寻信标机
北斗短报文收发终端
manned spacecraft
search and rescue system for recovery and landing
international rescue position indicator
landing search beacon
BD short message transceiver terminal
