摘要
为充分利用油茶(Camellia oleifera)林下半阴半阳的生态环境和土地资源,结合羊肚菌(Morchella spp.)生长对环境的要求,开展不同营养配方、不同播种方式、不同遮阴方式对羊肚菌出菇的影响研究。结果表明:①选择耐低温与高温能力较强的品种是油茶林下套种羊肚菌的稳产保障。②油茶林下套种羊肚菌的菌种与营养袋投放必须足量,667 m^(2)油茶林下投入菌种200袋(0.75 kg/袋)和营养袋1800~2000袋(0.35 kg/袋)能实现高产稳产。③凹槽式播种利于油茶林下套种羊肚菌抗旱防病。④该模式可增加油茶林单位面积经济效益。667 m^(2)油茶林收获羊肚菌鲜品195.65 kg,产值1.5652万元/667 m^(2),扣除人工材料等成本,效益可高达0.8372万元,吸纳劳动力16人/667m^(2),达到“以短养长、以耕代抚”的研究目的。分析油茶林下套种羊肚菌轻简化栽培模式,以期为林菌产业融合发展提供参考。
To fully utilize the partial shade environment and soil resources under Camellia oleifera forest,a study is carried out to investigate the impact of different nutrition formulas,planting techniques,and shading methods on Morchella spp.fruiting in combination with the environment requirements for Morchella spp.Growth.The experiment’s findings show that:①a stable production of Morchella spp.in Camellia oleifera forest requires strains with strong resistance to low and high temperatures;②strains and nutrition bags of Morchella spp.utilized for the interplanting under Camellia oleifera forest must be adequate.For 667 m^(2)Camellia oleifera forest,200 bags of strains(0.75kg per bag)and 1800~2000 nutrition bags(0.35kg per bag)might ensure a high and stable yield;③a grooved planting technique could make Morchella spp.under Camellia oleifera forest more resistant to drought and disease;④this model has the potential to boost the economic benefits for each unit area of Camellia oleifera forest.A 667 m^(2)Camellia oleifera forest may yield 195.65kg of fresh Morchella spp.with a value of 15652 yuan per 667 m^(2).After deducting the cost of artificial materials,the benefit could reach as high as 8372 yuan and absorb 16 workers/667m^(2),so as to achieve the research purpose of"raising the growth with short cultivation and replacing the care with farming".The light and simplified cultivation mode of Morchella spp.interplanting under Camellia oleifera forest was analyzed in order to provide scientific basis for the integrated development of forest and edible fungi industry.
作者
王小丽
宋文俊
罗勇兵
李春红
石燕
Wang Xiaoli;Song Wenjun;Luo Yongbing;Li Chunhong;Shi Yan(Tongren City Academy of Forestry Sciences,Tongren,Guizhou 554300,China;Tongren Forestry Bureau,Tongren,Guizhou 554300,China)
出处
《绿色科技》
2023年第3期73-77,共5页
Journal of Green Science and Technology
基金
贵州省林业局优秀青年人才项目(编号:黔林科合J字〔2021〕09号)
铜仁市科技计划项目(编号:铜市科研〔2020〕52号)。
关键词
油茶
羊肚菌
林下套种
效益
Camellia oleifera
Morchella spp.
interplanting under forest
benefits
