摘要
【目的】探究地形因子和土壤因子对红松活立木腐朽的影响,进一步阐明腐朽木的分布规律,为保护和可持续利用森林资源提供理论依据和基础数据。【方法】依托黑龙江丰林国家级自然保护区30 hm^(2)典型阔叶红松林动态监测样地,选取62个样方内共329株红松活立木,其中小树(10 cm≤DBH<30 cm)73株、成年树(30 cm≤DBH<50 cm)104株、老龄树(DBH≥50 cm)152株,采用阻抗仪检测法判断样木是否出现腐朽,并对样树周围的土壤理化性质和地形因子进行测定分析。在单木水平上,应用曼-惠特尼秩和检验比较健康木与腐朽木立地土壤理化性质差异;在样方水平上,利用斯皮尔曼相关分析探究土壤因子与腐朽率的关联性,采用克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验和Bonferroni法两两比较研究地形因子对腐朽率的影响,选用典范对应分析研究不同龄级红松活立木腐朽分布情况。【结果】1)红松活立木平均腐朽率为35.87%,其中小树、成年树、老龄树的腐朽率分别为42.1%、39.2%、29.2%;2)腐朽木所处环境的土壤全碳含量显著低于健康木,铵态氮含量显著高于健康木(P<0.05);3)土壤体积含水率及全氮、全碳、全磷含量与红松活立木腐朽率极显著(P<0.01)负相关,全钾和速效磷含量与腐朽率显著(P<0.05)负相关;4)红松活立木腐朽率在不同坡位以及坡向差异显著(P<0.05),上坡腐朽率显著高于下坡(P<0.05),半阴坡腐朽率显著低于半阳坡(P<0.05);5)坡位和土壤磷含量是与不同生长阶段红松活立木腐朽率相关的最重要因素。健康小树多分布于硝态氮含量较高的土壤条件,而成年和老年红松腐朽木多分布于土壤铵态氮含量较高的立地条件。【结论】在小兴安岭地区,红松活立木腐朽率较高,其中上坡坡位及阴坡和半阳坡坡向的腐朽最严重;不同生长阶段的红松腐朽木均多分布在坡位较高、土壤养分和水分含量较低的立地条件,而土壤中的氮素形态对各龄级红松的腐朽作用存在差异,以上研究结果可为红松的保护和可持续利用提供科学依据和基础数据。
【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical foundation and basic data for forestry workers to protect and sustainably utilize forest resources,we explore the effects of topography and soil factors on the decay of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)living trees,and illustrate the distribution patterns of decay trees.【Method】In a monitoring block of 30 hm^(2) typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest at Fenglin National Natural Reserve,Heilongjiang,we selected 329 living trees of Korean pine from 62 plots,consisting of 73 young trees(10 cm≤DBH<30 cm),104 adult trees(30 cm≤DBH<50 cm)and 152 old trees(DBH≥50 cm).We used Resistograph to detect the decay,and measured topographical factors and soil physical-chemical proprieties of sample trees.At individual tree level,we used Mann-Whitney U test to compare comparisons of soil physical-chemical proprieties between healthy and decay trees;at plot level,we used Spearman correlation analysis to explore the relevance between soil physical-chemical proprieties and decay rate,we used Kruskal-Wallis test and Post hoc test to explore influence of topographic factors on decay rate.And we used canonical correspondence analysis to explore the distribution of decay of living Korean pine trees.【Result】1)The average decay rate of Korean pine was 35.87%,and the decay rates of young trees,adult trees and old trees were 42.1%,39.2%,and 29.2%,respectively.2)The soil total carbon of the decay trees is significantly lower than healthy trees.And the soil ammonium of the decay trees is significantly higher than the healthy trees(P<0.05);3)There is an extremely significant negative correlation between soil volumetric moisture content,total nitrogen,total carbon and total phosphorus content and the decay rate of living Korean pine trees,and a significant negative correlation between total potassium,available phosphorus content and the decay rate.4)The decay rate of living Korean pine trees on different topographic positions and aspects is significantly different(P<0.05).The decay rate is significantly higher on upper slope than on lower slope(P<0.05),and significantly lower on semi-shady slope than on semi-sunny slope.5)Topographic position and soil phosphorus content are the most important factors associated with decay of living Korean pine trees in different growth phases.Young healthy Korean pine distribute in edaphic condition with higher nitrate nitrogen content,but adult and old decay trees always distribute in edaphic condition with higher ammonium nitrogen content.【Conclusion】In Xiaoxing’an Mountains,the decay rate of living Korean pine trees is high,and most severe on upper slope and shady slope,semi-sunny slope.The decayed Korean pine in different growth stages were mostly distributed at higher topographic position with lower contents of soil nutrients and moisture.But nitrogen forms have different effects on Korean pine at different growth stages.The results provide a scientific basis and basic data for the protection and sustainable utilization of Korean pine.
作者
常旭东
金光泽
Chang Xudong;Jin Guangze(Center for Ecological Research,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management of Ministry of Education,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040;Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center,Harbin 150040)
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第11期71-82,共12页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31870399)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572022DS13)。
关键词
红松
活立木腐朽率
地形因子
土壤理化性质
阔叶红松林
Korean pine
decay rate of living trees
topographic factors
soil physical-chemical proprieties
mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest
