摘要
清代生员入学年龄问题以往聚讼颇多,未有定论。根据翁心存辑录的《粤东校士录》《西江校士录》,可以提取出4626名文生员、1757名武生员的入学年龄,统计得出文生员平均进学年龄约26.14岁,武生员约21.84岁。研究发现,个人文化水平高低与入学早晚有密切关联,入学较早者往往院试名次较高或能考取高级功名,而地方文教发达、家族三代有高级功名等外因则会对生员更早入学产生正向作用。加之“官年”现象影响,生员实际入学年龄应比本文估值更晚。前人研究所据样本较少,且结构失衡,影响了估算结果。根据新估值计算,清中后期生员总数将比前人结论大幅降低。
There was no final conclusion about the age of licentiates in the Qing Dynasty.According to Weng Xincun’s Records,the enrollment ages of 4626 licentiates in Guangdong and 1757 licentiates in Jiangxi can be extracted.The average enrollment age of civil licentiates was about 26.14 years old,and that of military licentiates is 21.84 years old.The study found that the level of personal education was closely related to the enrollment age.Those who entered early tend to have a higher rank in the college examination or be able to obtain advanced academic titles,while external factors such as developed local culture and education,and the high academic titles of three generations of families will have a positive effect on the early admission of licentiates.In addition,due to the influence of the“official year”phenomenon,the actual enrollment age of licentiates should be later than the estimate in this paper.Previous studies have few samples,and the proportion of people with high academic achievements is too large,which affects the estimation results.According to the new valuation,the total number of licentiates in the mid-ninteenth century will be significantly reduced.
作者
叶鹏
YE Peng(Center for Historical Geographical Studies,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)
出处
《安徽史学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第2期51-61,共11页
Historical Research In Anhui
关键词
清代
童试
生员
入学年龄
翁心存
Qing Dynasty
the Apprentice Examination
Shengyuan
enrollment age
Weng Xincun
