摘要
目的:对优秀女子100米栏运动员进行全程运动技术分析,揭示运动员共性技术特征,探索国内外两组不同水平运动员之间的技术差异,探讨世界级优秀运动员个性化技术特点和技术风格。方法:采用文献资料法、数理统计法、对比分析法,发现国内外运动员的技术特征规律,奠定本研究的基础。结论:①女子100m栏项目全程运动技术可分为起跑技术、栏间平跑技术、起跨技术、腾空技术和落地技术。②起跑技术中大多数运动员起跑时的前膝关节角度为90°~111°,准备姿势中臀部不宜抬得过高,起跑一般采用7~8步。③栏间跑技术呈“小-大-中”的步长特征,即1.60m、1.95m、1.85m,且在第4~7栏产生最快速度。④起跨与落地技术中,跨栏步长约在3.00~3.10m,远起跨,近下栏。起跨时髋、膝、踝关节缓冲力度小,两腿夹角约120°。⑤腾空技术中两腿形成剪绞姿态,摆动腿积极下压,加强跨跑的结合,双臂向前向下,肩部呈直角,控制身体重心不宜过高。⑥冲刺技术中需要增强专项耐力能力,保持一定的速度,高重心,稳定步频通过。
OBJECTTVE:To analyze the hurdling techniques of elite women 100-meter hurdlers,identify the common technical characteristics of the hurdlers,explore the technical diferences between two groups of hurdlers at different levels at home and abroad,and eplore the personalized technical characteristics and style of world-class elite hurdlers.METHODS:The technical characteristics of hurdlers at home and abroad were found by literature review,mathematical statistics and a comparative analysis,which laid the foundation for this study.CONCLUSIONS:(1)The hurdling techniques of women's 100m hurdles can be divided into start technique,race between hurdles technique,take-off and hurdle-clearing technique,air phase technique and landing technique.(2)In the start technique,most hurdlers start with lead knee at an angle from 90°to 111°,and don't raise the hips too high in the preparation for start.Geneally,7-8 strides are employed to the 1^(st)hurde.(3)In the race.between hurdles techrique,"short-long-medium"strides are usod at 1.60 metens,1.95 meters,and 1.85 meters,and the highest veloeity is generated between the 4th and 7th hurdles.(4)In take-off and landing techniques,the stride size to clear the hurdle is from 3.00m to3.10m;take off far to the hurde and come off close to the hurdle.In take-off,the hips,knee and ankle joints have small cushioning forcs,and the angle between legs is about 120°.(5)For air phase technique,two legs are in a scissor twist posture,lower down the active trail leg,strengthen the coordination between hurdle clearance and race,arms forward and down,shoulders at right angles;the gravity center sbhould be controlled not too high.(6)For sprint to finish technique,specific endurance ability should be enhanced,and a certain speed,high center of gravity and stable stride frequency should be kept.
作者
龚旭阳
苑廷刚
马国东
刘嘉伟
侯金宝
朱和平
Gong Xuyang;Yuan Tinggang;Ma Guodong;Liu Jiawei;Hou Jinbao;Zhu Heping(Jilin Sport University,Changchun,130000 China;不详)
出处
《体育科技文献通报》
2023年第3期97-101,共5页
Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology
基金
吉林体育学院研究生科研创新基金项目:基于视频图像全景技术下我国400米栏全程技术特征分析(项目编号:YC2022007)。
