摘要
通过田间试验,设置不施药不人工除草(CK1)、不施药人工除草(CK2)、施100%精异丙甲草胺乳油4.50 L/hm^(2)(T1)、施70%精异丙甲草胺乳油3.15 L/hm^(2)+激健150 mL/hm^(2)(T2)、施70%精异丙甲草胺乳油3.15 L/hm^(2)+迈丝100 mL/hm^(2)(T3)、施100%二甲戊灵乳油5.00 L/hm^(2)(T4)、施50%二甲戊灵乳油2.50 L/hm^(2)+激健150 mL/hm^(2)(T5)、施50%二甲戊灵乳油2.50 L/hm^(2)+迈丝100 mL/hm^(2)(T6)8个处理,研究不同除草剂减量与助剂复配对田间杂草防效及甘薯生长发育、产量、品质的影响,确定适宜的除草剂减量与助剂复配方案,为豫东地区甘薯除草剂的安全选择提供科学依据。结果表明,施药后5、10 d时,T2处理株防效分别较其他处理显著提高16.94%~40.22%、5.71%~21.79%,鲜质量防效分别较其他处理提高8.54%~36.35%、1.50%~14.99%,T5处理次之。施药后15 d,T5处理株防效较其他处理提高3.39%~11.71%,鲜质量防效较其他处理提高3.60%~11.10%,均显著高于T1、T3、T4处理。与CK2相比,施药对甘薯株高、地上部鲜质量、叶片SPAD值、净光合速率、抗氧化酶[过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)]活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、产量、品质均产生一定的不利影响。其中,T5处理影响最小,与CK2相比均无显著差异;T4处理甘薯产生明显的药害。与CK1相比,施药对甘薯生长发育、产量、品质均具有一定的促进作用。其中,株高、地上部鲜质量分别显著提高5.60%~37.30%、17.05%~57.13%,SPAD值显著提高7.60%~23.78%,净光合速率提高1.33%~15.98%,SOD、POD、CAT活性分别显著提高11.80%~33.38%、5.59%~20.20%、8.80%~41.40%,MDA含量降低0.83%~17.02%,鲜薯产量和商品薯率分别显著提高21.95%~46.72%和7.63%~17.28%,淀粉、还原糖、可溶性糖、胡萝卜素、粗蛋白含量分别提高6.72%~17.00%、19.44%~33.10%、2.45%~7.83%、9.16%~20.64%、4.81%~16.55%。综上,50%二甲戊灵乳油2.50 L/hm^(2)+激健150 mL/hm^(2)处理在保障杂草防效的前提下,对甘薯生长影响最小,是适宜的甘薯除草剂与助剂复配方案。
Through the field experiment,eight test treatments were set up,including no herbicide and no artificial weeding(CK1),no herbicide and artificial weeding(CK2),100%metolachlor emulsifiable concentrate 4.50 L/ha(T1),70%metolachlor emulsifiable concentrate 3.15 L/ha+Jijian 150 mL/ha(T2),70%metolachlor emulsifiable concentrate 3.15 L/ha+Maisi 100 mL/ha(T3),100%pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate 5.00 L/ha(T4),50%pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate 2.50 L/ha+Jijian 150 mL/ha(T5)and 50%pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate 2.50 L/ha+Maisi 100 mL/ha(T6),the effects of different herbicide reduction and adjuvant combination on weed control,growth,yield and quality of sweet potato were studied,and the appropriate herbicide reduction and additive combination scheme was determined,so as to provide scientific basis for the safe selection of sweet potato herbicides in eastern Henan.The results showed that,at 5 days and 10 days after applying herbicide,compared with the other treatments,the plant control effect of T2 at treatment significantly increased by 16.94%—40.22%and 5.71%—21.79%,and the fresh weight control effect increased by 8.54%—36.35%and 1.50%—14.99%,followed by T5 treatment.At 15 days after applying herbicide,compared with the other treatments,the plant control effect of T5 treatment increased by 3.39%—11.71%,and the fresh weight control effect increased by 3.60%—11.10%,which were significantly higher than T1,T3 and T4 treatments.Compared with CK2,the herbicide treatments had certain adverse effects on plant height,aboveground fresh weight,leaves SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,activities of antioxidant enzymes[catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD)],content of malondialdehyde(MDA),yield and quality of sweet potato.Among them,T5 treatment had the least effect,and there was no significant difference compared with CK2 treatment;T4 treatment caused obvious damage to the growth of sweet potato.Compared with CK1,the herbicide treatments had certain promoting effect on the growth and development,yield and quality of sweet potato.The plant height and plant fresh weight significantly increased by 5.60%—37.30%,17.05%—57.13%,the SPAD value significantly increased by 7.60%—23.78%,the net photosynthetic rate increased by 1.33%—15.98%,the activities of SOD,POD and CAT increased significantly by 11.80%—33.38%,5.59%—20.20%,8.80%—41.40%respectively,the content of MDA decreased by 0.83%—17.02%,the sweet potato yield and rate of commercial sweet potato significantly increased by 21.95%—46.72%and 7.63%—17.28%respectively,the contents of starch,reducing sugar,soluble sugar,carotene and crude protein increased by 6.72%—17.00%,19.44%—33.10%,2.45%—7.83%,9.16%—20.64%and 4.81%—16.55%respectively.Overall,on the premise of ensuring weed control effect,the treatment of 50%pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate 2.50 L/ha+Jijian 150 mL/ha had the least impact on the growth of sweet potato,and was a suitable combination scheme of sweet potato herbicide and adjuvant agent.
作者
刘亚军
王文静
李敏
胡启国
王红刚
储凤丽
LIU Yajun;WANG Wenjing;LI Min;HU Qiguo;WANG Honggang;CHU Fengli(Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shangqiu 476000,China)
出处
《河南农业科学》
北大核心
2023年第3期91-100,共10页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家甘薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-10)。
关键词
除草剂减量
助剂
甘薯
杂草防效
生理生化
产量
品质
Herbicide reduction
Adjuvant
Sweet potato
Weed control effect
Physiological and biochemical characteristics
Yield
Quality
