摘要
针对四川桑园施肥机械化水平低、劳动强度大的问题,秉持机艺融合,研制一款桑园偏置式施肥机。该机主要由履带底盘、传动装置、液压调深装置、螺旋刀具和排肥装置等部件组成,作业时肥料通过排肥器排至地面,在螺旋刀具的搅拌作用下与土壤混合并被覆盖。结合桑园施肥农艺要求,确定施肥机螺旋刀具、液压调深装置的结构参数和工作参数。以刀具转速、排肥速率、行进速度为试验因素,以肥料覆盖率为评价指标,进行二次回归正交组合试验。结果表明,对肥料覆盖率的影响显著性大小的因素依次为刀具转速、行走速度、排肥速率。优化后的最佳参数组合为刀具转速320 r/min、排肥速率57 g/m、行进速度0.32 km/h,此时理论肥料覆盖率为88.2%。田间试验结果表明,在优化组合参数条件下,肥料覆盖率为88%,验证试验结果与理论优化值吻合度较好,可有效指导实际生产,研究结果可为同类机型的优化设计和作业参数设定提供参考。
Aiming at the problems of low mechanization level and high labor intensity of fertilization in Sichuan mulberry garden,a self-propelled bias fertilizer applicator for mulberry garden was developed by adhering to the integration of machinery and techniques.This machine is mainly composed of caterpillar chassis,transmission device,hydraulic depth adjusting device,spiral cutter and fertilizer discharging device.During the operation,the fertilizer is discharged to the ground through the fertilizer dispenser,and then mixed with the soil and covered under the stirring action of the spiral cutter.Both structural parameters and working parameters of the spiral cutter and the hydraulic depth adjusting device of the bias fertilizer applicator were determined combining with the agronomic requirements of fertilization in mulberry garden.Quadratic regression orthogonal combination test was carried out with the cutter speed,fertilizer discharge rate and traveling speed as the test factors,and fertilizer coverage rate as the evaluation index.The results showed that the significance of the influence of fertilizer coverage rate was in the descending order of the cutter speed,the traveling speed and the fertilizer discharge rate.After optimization,the maximum value of theoretical fertilizer coverage rate reached 88.2%with the cutter speed of 320 r/min,the fertilizer discharge rate of 57 g/m and the traveling speed of 0.32 km/h.The results of field experiment showed that under the condition of optimized combination parameters,the fertilizer coverage rate was 88%.The verification test results are in good agreement with the theoretical optimization value,which can effectively guide the actual production and provide a sound reference for the theoretical design and experimental verification in the mulberry fertilizer applicator.
作者
陈昶
易文裕
杨昌敏
王攀
熊昌国
程方平
Chen Chang;Yi Wenyu;Yang Changmin;Wang Pan;Xiong Changguo;Cheng Fangping(Sichuan Research&Design Institute of Agricultural Machinery,Chengdu,610066,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Technology for Hilly and Mountainous Areas,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu,610066,China)
出处
《中国农机化学报》
北大核心
2023年第4期76-82,共7页
Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization
基金
四川省科学技术厅基本科研业务费项目(2020JDKY0012—02)
四川省蚕桑创新团队桑园机械化研究岗位(SCCXTD—2023—17)。
关键词
偏置式施肥机
搅拌施肥
机艺融合
桑园
bias fertilizer applicator
stirring fertilization
integration of machinery and techniques
mulberry garden
