摘要
在讨论先秦时代的博物观念时,孔子的“多识于鸟兽草木之名”被广为援引。西学观念影响下的一些学者认为,孔子教导弟子从《诗》中学习动植物的“名称”,是中国先秦时代对自然界漠不关心、只注重社会伦理秩序的有力证据。然而,这一论断既未考虑到时代变迁下观念的改变,又以西方现代哲学思维看待我国传统的“名”“实”概念。实际上,先秦两汉时期,在不同时代、不同学术流派的论述中,孔子的博物观念大相径庭,而在乡土博物学的语境中,所谓的“名”与“实”是合而为一的。辨正孔子的博物观念,可以从博物学、科技史的角度观照传统哲学中长期以来争论的“名”“实”之辨问题,是孔子研究走出儒学讨论、走向更广阔的社会科学研究的一次尝试。
When it comes to the concept of natural history in the pre-Qin era,Confucius' ‘one should know more about familiar with birds,animals and plants' was widely cited.Some scholars under the influence of western learning believe that Confucius taught his disciples to learn the ‘names' of animals and plants from The Book of Songs,which is a strong evidence of China's indifference to the natural world and only focusing on social ethical order in the pre-Qin era.However,this assertion does not take into account the change of ideas while the change of times,and treats the traditional concept of ‘name' and ‘reality' in our country with modern western philosophical thinking.In fact,in the Pre-Qin era and Han Dynasties,in different times and in different academic schools,Confucius' concept of natural history was very different.In the context of local natural resources,the so-called ‘name' and ‘reality' were combined.Distinguishing Confucius' concept of natural history can reflect on the controversial issue of ‘name' and ‘reality' in traditional philosophy from the perspective of natural history and the history of science and technology.It is an attempt for Confucius study to go out of narrow Confucian discussion and move towards broader social science research.
出处
《孔子研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第2期67-74,158,共9页
Confucius Studies
关键词
孔子
博物观念
《诗经》
乡土博物学
Confucius
Concept of Natural History
The Book of Songs
Local Naturalism
