摘要
通过甲烷干法重整,可实现甲烷与二氧化碳两种温室气体的有效利用,从而缓解环境压力,并且制得的合成气还可以应用于费托合成、羰基合成等工业途径。但由于甲烷干法重整存在催化剂积碳现象,导致催化剂失活、转化效率降低,对该方法的工业化应用产生了不利影响。为了解决积碳问题,提升催化剂的抗积碳性能,首先对不同催化剂作用下甲烷干法重整的反应机理以及积碳来源进行了综述,随后论述了催化剂的活性组分、载体以及助剂对积碳的影响。对反应机理的分析表明,虽然目前还没有一种反应机理能适用于所有催化剂,但可以确定的是,甲烷的深度裂解是产生积碳的主要原因。活性组分的负载量和催化剂组分之间的相互作用会改变活性组分分散度和对应的金属氧化物在反应中的氧化还原过程,进而对积碳量产生影响;载体的结构会影响催化剂的物理化学性质,并且其酸碱性也会改变催化剂反应性能,最终影响催化剂的抗积碳性能;助剂也有类似的效果。最后对用于甲烷干法重整反应的催化剂的发展前景进行了展望,为未来开发适用于甲烷干法重整工业生产的催化剂提供参考。
The dry reforming of methane can realize the effective utilization of methane and carbon dioxide,so as to relieve the environmental pressure.The synthesized gas can also be used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,carbonyl synthesis and other industrial ways.However,due to the carbon deposition of catalysts in dry reforming of methane,the catalysts deactivation and conversion efficiency are reduced,which has an adverse effect on the industrial application of the process.In order to solve the problems caused by carbon deposition and improve the carbon deposition resistance of catalysts,the reaction mechanism of methane dry reforming under different catalysts and the sources of carbon deposition were reviewed,and then the influences of the active components,supports and additives of catalysts on carbon deposition were discussed.The analysis of the reaction mechanism shows that although there is no single rea ction mechanism that can be applied to all catalysts,it is certain that the deep cleavage of methane is the main cause of carbon deposition.The loading of active components and the interaction between catalysts components will change the dispersion of active components and the redox process of the corresponding metal oxides in reaction,which will affect the carbon deposition.The structure of the supports will affect the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst,and the acidity and basicity of supports will also change the catalyst reaction performance,and ultimately affect the carbon resistance of catalysts.Additives also have a similar effect.Finally,the development prospect of catalysts for dry reforming of methane is prospected,which provides a reference for the future development of catalysts suitable for industrial production of methane dry reforming.
作者
黄兴
吕政国
李珍珍
姚鑫
HUANG Xing;LV Zhengguo;LI Zhenzhen;YAO Xin(School of Metallurgy and Energy,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,Hebei,China)
出处
《低碳化学与化工》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第2期14-22,共9页
Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(52102247)
河北省自然科学基金(E2021209106)
唐山市人才资助项目(A202110039)
唐山市科技计划项目(21130207C)
唐山市科技计划项目(22130233H)。
关键词
甲烷
二氧化碳
重整
催化剂
积碳
methane
carbon dioxide
reforming
catalysts
carbon deposition
