摘要
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)雌雄分养是一种新型的成蟹养殖模式,伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)和苦草(Vallisneria natans)是成蟹池塘养殖过程中的常用水草。为探索全雄成蟹池塘养殖条件下适宜的水草种植模式,比较了4种常见水草种植模式[单一伊乐藻、单一轮叶黑藻、伊乐藻∶轮叶黑藻=1∶1(覆盖面积比)、伊乐藻∶轮叶黑藻∶苦草=1∶1∶1(覆盖面积比),分别记为Mode Ⅰ—Ⅳ]对中华绒螯蟹生长、性腺发育、养殖性能和经济效益的影响。结果表明:1)4种水草种植模式对全雄成蟹养殖过程中的体质量无显著影响,但9—10月对4组蟹的体质量增长率和特定生长率有显著性差异,其中Mode Ⅰ组最高,Mode Ⅱ组最低(P<0.05);2)4组蟹的生殖蜕壳率、性腺指数和肝胰腺指数均无显著性差异(P>0.05),8月底两种混合水草模式的蟹生殖蜕壳率略高于单一水草组,11月中旬Mode Ⅰ组的肝胰腺指数和性腺指数均略高于其余组(P>0.05),分别约为7.8%和3.3%;3)在最终成蟹规格分布上,Mode Ⅰ组大规格雄蟹(≥250.0 g)比例最低(P>0.05),小规格雄蟹(150.0~174.9 g和<150.0 g)比例最高(P<0.05)。4种水草种植模式下全雄中华绒螯蟹养殖成活率具有显著性差异(P<0.05),Mode Ⅱ和Mode Ⅲ组的成活率和产量相对较高,且饲料系数相对较低;4)在经济效益上,Mode Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的饲料投入相对较多,Mode Ⅱ和Mode Ⅳ组的水草投入略多,Mode Ⅱ组的总收入、净利润和投资回报率最高,Mode Ⅳ组最低。综上所述,全雄中华绒螯蟹成蟹池塘养殖过程中,种植轮叶黑藻(Mode Ⅱ)或伊乐藻与轮叶黑藻混合种植模式(Mode Ⅲ)可以提高成蟹养殖性能和经济效益。
The mono-sex culture of adult Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)is a new culture mode,and Elodea nuttallii,Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans are common submerged macrophytes in the adult E.sinensis aquaculture ponds.We investigated the effects of four planting modes(Mode I,single planting of E.nuttallii;Mode Ⅱ,single planting of H.verticillata;Mode Ⅲ,mixed planting of E.nuttallii and H.verticillata in equal proportions;Mode Ⅳ,mixed planting of E.nuttallii,H.verticillata and V.natans in equal proportions)on the growth,gonadal development,culture performance and profitability of allmale E.sinensis.The results show that:1)There was no significant difference in the body mass among the four planting modes,but Mode Ⅰ group had significantly higher weight gain rate(WGR)and specific growth rate(SGR)than the other groups from September to October,and Mode Ⅱ had the lowest WGR and SGR(P<0.05).2)Among the Mode Ⅰ–Ⅳ,no significant difference was found in the puberty molting rate,gonadosomatic index(GSI)and hepatosomatic index(HSI)of adult male E.sinensis(P>0.05),and at the end of August,the puberty molting rate was slightly higher in mixed planting of E.nuttallii and H.verticilla than in the single submerged macrophyte group,while Mode Ⅰ group had slightly higher HSI and GSI than the other groups at mid-November(P>0.05),reaching about 7.8%and 3.3%,respectively.3)As for the size distribution of adult males,Mode Ⅰ group had the lowest percentage of larger-sized males(≥250 g)and the highest percentage of smaller-sized males(150–174.9 g and<150 g).The survival rate of all-male adult E.sinensis was significantly correlated to the planting modes of submerged macrophytes(P<0.05),and Mode Ⅱ and Mode Ⅲ groups had higher survival rates and yields but lower feed conversion rates.4)For the economic assessment,Mode Ⅱ and Mode Ⅲ groups had higher feed input,and Mode Ⅱ and Mode Ⅳ groups had higher input of aquatic plant.Besides,the total return,net profit and return-on-investment(ROI)were highest in Mode Ⅱ group but lowest in Mode Ⅳ group.In conclusion,planting H.verticillata(Mode Ⅱ)or mixed planting of E.nuttallii and H.verticillata(Mode Ⅲ)can improve the culture performance and economic profit of all-male adult E.sinensis.
作者
张光宝
姜晓东
陈文彬
周文全
罗明
吴旭干
ZHANG Guangbao;JIANG Xiaodong;CHEN Wenbin;ZHOU Wenquan;LUO Ming;WU Xugan(Shanghai Ocean University/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Germplasm Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding/National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai 201306,China;Changzhou Jintan District Fisheries Technical Promotion Center,Changzhou 213200,China)
出处
《南方水产科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期107-115,共9页
South China Fisheries Science
基金
上海市科委地方院校能力建设项目(20050501600)
上海市水产动物良种创制与绿色养殖协同创新中心项目(2021科技02-12)
江苏金坛区农业农村局科技项目(JTNL2019001)。
关键词
中华绒螯蟹
全雄养殖
水草种植模式
养殖性能
经济效益
Eriocheir sinensis
All-male culture
Submerged macrophytes planting modes
Culture performance
Economic profit
