摘要
好氧堆肥过程常存在分层现象,对于发酵产物的均一性和整体质量存在影响。为探究好氧堆肥物料病原菌灭活的分层情况,该研究以不翻抛(T1)为对照组,设置3组好氧堆肥试验(T2高温期翻抛、T3降温期翻抛、T4高温期和降温期翻抛),对牛粪好氧堆肥过程中常规理化性质和病原菌去除效率等进行分析,并利用克里格法(KRIGING)对堆体不同位置的温度和含水率进行插值分析。结果表明,4个处理发酵温度均达到了《畜禽粪便堆肥技术规范》要求,高温期最长的处理为T3和T4,达到7 d,T4处理的病原菌去除率最高,达到97.15%;从分层规律来看,堆体含水率从高到低为上层、中层、下层;好氧堆肥物料病原菌去除效率顺序从高到低为中层、下层、上层,4个处理病原菌去除率均不低于95.56%。综合考虑,高温期和降温期翻抛(T4处理)更有利于牛粪和秸秆混合堆肥物料整体实现无害化。该研究可为牛粪好氧堆肥过程中病原菌杀灭和翻抛参数的优化提供技术指导。
Aerobic composting is one of the most effective technologies for the harmless treatment and resource utilization of cow manure in recent years.Effective disposal of cow manure is very necessary for the growth of soil and crops,together with human health,due to the large number of bacteria,viruses,and eggs of pathogenic parasites.In addition,some dairy manure is used as cow mattress materials after aerobic composting.If the pathogenic bacteria cannot be completely killed,some diseases(such as mastitis)can pose a serious risk to dairy cows,even to the yield and quality of milk.Among them,the National standard of Technical Specification for Composting Livestock and Poultry Manure releases that the stack temperature should reach above 55℃and the maintenance time should not be less than 15 d,while the tank composting time should not be less than 7 d,and the reactor composting time should not be less than 5 d.The bottom ventilation is often used for aeration in the process of aerobic composting.At the same time,the stratification can be caused by the different materials at various levels of the reactor,as the gas temperature and water vapor content change with the air entering.The stratification phenomenon(such as dehydration)often existed in the aerobic composting process,damage to the uniformity and overall quality of the fermentation products.This study aims to explore the stratification of pathogen inactivation in aerobic composting materials.Three groups of experiments were set(T2 high temperature,T3 cooling,and T4 high temperature/cooling period turning),where non-turning(T1)was used as the control group.A systematic analysis was made of the conventional physical and chemical properties,as well as the pathogen removal efficiency during aerobic composting of cow manure.KRIGING method was utilized to interpolate the temperature and moisture content in different positions of the compost.The results showed that the fermentation temperatures under the four treatments reached above 55℃,fully meeting the requirements of the Technical Specifications for Composting Livestock and Poultry Manure Composting.Specifically,the peak temperatures were 71.35,72.10,70.20,and 70.25℃,respectively.The T3 and T4 treatments reached 7 days for the longest high-temperature period.The T4 treatment presented the highest removal rate(up to 97.15%)of the pathogen.Furthermore,the moisture content of the pile was from the high to the low in the order of the upper,middle,and lower layers.The removal efficiency of the pathogen was ranked in the descending order of the middle,lower,and upper layers in the aerobic composting materials.The pathogen removal rates were all higher than 80%in the four treatments.Consequently,the turning and throwing(T4 treatment)in the high temperature and cooling period is more conducive to the overall harmlessness of cow manure and stover mixed compost materials.This finding can provide technical guidance for the removal of pathogenic bacteria,in order to optimize the turning parameters in the aerobic composting of cow manure.
作者
衣淑娟
邵浩宸
沈玉君
丁京涛
周海宾
张卜元
王健
张曦
徐鹏翔
程红胜
程琼仪
YI Shujuan;SHAO Haochen;SHEN Yujun;DING Jingtao;ZHOU Haibin;ZHANG Buyuan;WANG Jian;ZHANG Xi;XU Pengxiang;CHENG Hongsheng;CHENG Qiongyi(College of Engineering,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection,Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil-fertilizer,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Science,Shihezi 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Technology and Model for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期180-189,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
农业农村部规划设计研究院自主研发项目(QD202110)
国家自然科学基金项目(52275246)。
关键词
奶牛
粪便
病原菌
好氧堆肥
分层
cow
manure
pathogenic bacteria
aerobic composting
stratification
