摘要
生物多样性为人类的生存和发展提供了物质基础和生态服务,是国家的重要战略资源,包括遗传多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性3个主要层次。我国这3个主要层次的生物多样性均极为丰富。近几十年来,我国在生物多样性保护和可持续利用方面取得了积极成效:通过开展生物资源调查、收集与生物多样性编目,基本摸清物种多样性和生态系统多样性本底;通过自然保护地体系建设等保护了重要自然生态系统和生物资源;推动了系列生态修复工程等促进野生动植物种群的恢复;保护生物多样性逐渐上升为国家战略,并成为社会共识。但是,我国生物多样性保护与利用也面临一些挑战,主要表现为:生物遗传资源的挖掘、编目仍任重道远;自然保护地体系有待优化;栽培植物和饲养动物优良品种的丧失形势依然严峻;生物遗传资源获取与惠益共享的意识和能力有待加强。未来在加强资源调查收集、优化自然保护地系统的同时,需要切实采取措施提升全民对生物遗传资源获取与惠益共享的意识和能力。
Biodiversity,including three main organizational levels—genetic diversity,species diversity and ecosystem diversity,provides material basis and ecological services for human,and serves as important strategic resources of a country.These three main levels of biodiversity in China are all very rich.China has made prominent achievements in the conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity in recent decades as follows.By conducting nationwide biodiversity survey,collection and catalogue,the basic status of species diversity and ecosystem diversity of China is generally clear.Important natural ecosystems and biological resources have been protected through the construction of natural protected area system.A series of ecological restoration projects have been promoted to help the recovery of wild animal and plant populations.The conservation of biodiversity has become a national strategy and a social consensus.However,there are still many challenges for the conservation and utilization of biodiversity in China.Much work are required for the collection and catalogue of biological genetic resources.The protected area system remains to be optimized.The loss of superior variety of cultivated plants and domestic livestock and poultry is still serious.Awareness and capacity of the access to biological genetic resources and benefit-sharing require to be strengthened.In the future,while strengthening the biological genetic resource collection and optimizing protected area system,it is necessary to take practical measures to enhance the people’s awareness and capacity of the access to biological genetic resources and benefit-sharing.
作者
王庆刚
池秀莲
程蒙
杨光
WANG Qing-gang;CHI Xiu-lian;CHENG Meng;YANG Guang(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,and Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming of Beijing City,China Agricultural University;National Resource Centre for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences)
出处
《中国食品药品监管》
2023年第3期118-123,共6页
China Food & Drug Administration Magazine
基金
中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03908)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(ZZXT202004)
国家自然科学基金项目(82173930)。
关键词
生物多样性
保护与利用
主要成就
挑战与应对
biodiversity
conservation and utilization
main achievements
challenges and corresponding solutions
