摘要
目的调查老年患者感官功能及日常生活活动能力现况,探讨老年人感官功能受损与日常生活活动能力(ADLs)下降的相关性。方法选取贵州省遵义市6家综合医院3853例60岁及以上住院老年患者作为研究对象,采用包括一般资料调查表、感官功能调查表、ADLs评估进行调查。应用二元logistic回归分析ADLs下降的危险因素。结果3853例老年患者基本ADLs(BADLs)下降和工具性IADLs下降的检出率分别为34.5%、52.9%;26.0%的老年人自评仅存在视力受损,11.6%的老年人自评仅存在听力受损,7.1%的老年人自评同时存在视力和听力受损。高龄、文化程度低、无社交活动、患慢性疾病总数多、未锻炼身体、仅视力受损、视力与听力受损并存是BADLs能力下降和IADLs能力下降的共同危险因素(P<0.05),女性、缺乏物质和(或)情感支持是老年人IADLs能力下降的独立危险因素(P<0.05);仅视力受损、视力与听力受损并存老年人发生BADLs能力下降风险的OR值分别为1.484、2.663,发生IADLs能力下降风险的OR值分别为1.496、3.080。结论老年患者感官功能受损和ADLs下降的检出率较高,感官功能受损会增加老年患者ADLs下降的风险,加强感官功能的早期评估与管理可有助于预防老年患者ADLs下降的发生风险。
Objective To investigate the current status of sensory function and activities of daily living(ADLs)in the elderly,and to explore the correlation between the impairment of sensory function and the decline of ADLs in the elderly.Methods A total of 3853 elderly people aged 60 years and over from 6 general hospitals in a city in Guizhou province were selected as the study sample.General information questionnaire,sensory function questionnaire,and assessment of ADLs were used to investigate.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors for the decline of ADLs.Results Among the 3853 elderly people,the incidence of basic ADLs(BADLs)decline and instrumental ADLs(IADLs)decline were 34.5%and 52.9%,respectively.In the self-reported sensory function,26.0%of the elderly had visual impairment only,11.6%had hearing impairment only,and 7.1%had both visual and hearing impairment.Old age,low education level,no social activities,a large number of chronic diseases,lack of physical exercise,visual impairment only,coexistence of vision and hearing impairment were the common risk factors for the decline of BADLs and IADLs(P<0.05),while women,lack of material and/or emotional support were the independent risk factors for the decline of IADLs in the elderly(P<0.05);The OR values of the risk of BADLs decline in the elderly with visual impairment only,coexistence of vision and hearing impairment were 1.484 and 2.663,respectively,and the OR values of IADLs decline were 1.496 and 3.080,respectively.Conclusions The detection rates of self-reported sensory impairment and ADLs decline are high in the elderly.Impairment of sensory function will increase the risk of ADLs decline in the elderly.Strengthening the early evaluation and management of sensory function can help prevent the risk of ADLs decline in the elderly.
作者
何佳信
梁鹤婷
袁晓丽
江智霞
杨晓玲
李霜
赵晓玲
HE Jiaxin;LIANG Heting;YUAN Xiaoli;JIANG Zhixia;YANG Xiaoling;LI Shuang;ZHAO Xiaoling(College of Nursing,Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi 563000,Guizhou,China;Department of Nursing,The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi 563000,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Nursing Vocational and Technical College,Guiyang 550000,Guizhou,China)
出处
《护士进修杂志》
2023年第9期775-779,共5页
Journal of Nurses Training
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2020YFC2008500)。
