摘要
[目的]分析干旱区受损植被恢复过程中生态需水量,为生态恢复不同阶段所需水资源量及水资源优化配置提供科学依据。[方法]基于1990,2000,2010,2015,2020年Landsat系列影像,采用遥感技术,结合改进的彭曼公式法,对新疆哈巴河县平原区植被耗水量时空演变特征及生态恢复需水量进行了定量研究。[结果]①1990—2020年天然植被平均耗水量为7.55×10^(8)m^(3),以3.60×10^(7)m^(3)/5 a的速率减小,与之对应的是天然植被面积以17.36 km 2/a的速率减小,植被覆盖度从高植被覆盖度向中植被覆盖度转化,生态受损严重。②区域内植被耗水量时空分布均存在较大差异:空间上高值主要分布于哈巴河流域,别列则克河流域植被耗水量整体偏低;时间上年际变化以2000年植被耗水量为最高,年内植被耗水量则主要集中在生长中期。③绿洲区生态恢复需水量如下:维持现状(2020年)生态需水量为4.62×10^(8)m^(3),恢复到1990—2020年生态平均水平生态需水量为6.65×10^(8)m^(3),达到1990—2020年生态最佳水平(2000年)生态需水量为9.55×10^(8)m^(3)。[结论]在人为与自然二元作用下,灌区1990—2020年生态环境整体呈现退化趋势,生态耗水空间分配失衡,受损植被生态恢复需水量时空配置应根据耗水时空分布进行优化完善。
[Objective]The ecological water requirement for restoring an area of damaged vegetation in an arid environment was analyzed in order to provide a scientific basis for determining the water resources required in different stages of ecological restoration and the optimal allocation of water resources.[Methods]Based on a series of Landsat images acquired in 1990,2000,2010,2015,and 2020,the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of vegetation water consumption and ecological restoration water demand in the plain area of Habahe County,Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region were quantitatively analyzed by remote sensing technology combined with an improved Penman formula method.[Results]①From 1990 to 2020,the average water consumption of natural vegetation was 7.55×10^(8)m^(3),and decreased at a rate of 3.60×10^(7)m^(3)/5 yr.Correspondingly,the area of natural vegetation decreased at a rate of 17.36 km 2/yr,and the vegetation coverage changed from high vegetation coverage to medium vegetation coverage,resulting in serious ecological damage.②There were great differences in the spatial and temporal distributions of vegetation water consumption in the region:the spatially high values were mainly located in the Haba River basin,while the vegetation water consumption in the Bie River basin was generally low.Temporally,vegetation water consumption in 2000 was the highest,and vegetation water consumption in a given year was mainly concentrated in the middle growth period.③The ecological restoration water demand in an oasis area was 4.62×10^(8)m^(3)for maintaining the status quo(2020),6.65×10^(8)m^(3)for restoring to the average ecological level from 1990 to 2020,and 9.55×10^(8)m^(3)for reaching the best ecological level from 1990 to 2020(2000).[Conclusion]Under the dual actions of human activities and nature,the ecological environment of the irrigation area showed a degradation trend from 1990 to 2020,and the spatial distribution of ecological water consumption was unbalanced.The spatial and temporal allocation of water demand for ecological restoration of an area of damaged vegetation should be optimized and improved according to the spatial and temporal distribution of water consumption.
作者
谭翻
杨鹏年
王翠
李志鹏
高凡
徐燕
吴强
Tan Fan;Yang Pengnian;Wang Cui;Li Zhipeng;Gao Fan;Xu Yan;Wu Qiang(College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Xinjiang Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design Administration,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830099,China;Xinjiang Water Resources and Ecological Water Conservancy Engineering Research Center in Cold and Arid Regions,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830002,China;Habahe Water Resources Bureau,Habahe,Xinjiang 836700,China)
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期244-252,共9页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
新疆农业大学院级课题“基于改进彭曼公式的哈巴河县平原区蒸散量与土地利用变化趋势研究”(ZDSYS-YJS-2021-12)
国家自然科学基金项目(U2003105)
哈巴河县级项目“哈巴河县水库群生态调度与景城一体化研究”。
关键词
改进彭曼公式
植被覆盖度
植被耗水量
生态恢复
新疆哈巴河县平原区
improved Penman formula
vegetation coverage
vegetation water consumption
ecological restoration
plain area Habahe County of Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region
