摘要
【目的】利用9年设施番茄定位试验,研究施氮量以及有机无机肥配施对土壤硝化潜势和pH的影响,为提高设施土壤供氮能力和减缓设施土壤酸化的施肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】设施番茄栽培定位施肥田间试验位于辽宁沈阳,始于2013年,每年种植一季番茄。设置施用尿素N 0、187.5、375.0、562.5 kg/hm^(2)4个水平(N0、N1、N2、N3),在每个氮水平下又设置施有机肥75000 kg/hm^(2)处理(MN0、MN1、MN2、MN3),共8个处理。2021年,于番茄第一穗果膨大期(S1)、第二穗果膨大期(S2)、收获期(S3)和休耕期(S4),采集0—10和10—20 cm土层土壤样品,测定土壤硝化潜势(NP)、pH、铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)和硝态氮(NO_(3)^(−)-N)含量,以及休耕期土壤有机碳(SOC)和全氮(TN)含量,计算矿质氮(N_(min))占TN的比例(N_(min)/TN)。【结果】化学氮肥施用量、施用有机肥及二者交互作用均显著影响土壤NP、pH和NO_(3)^(−)-N含量。与单施化肥相比,有机无机肥配施降低了S1期土壤NP,但提高了S2~S4期土壤NP。N1处理土壤pH与N0处理无显著差异,N2、N3处理显著降低了0—20 cm土层pH,且N3处理降幅显著大于N2处理(P<0.05);4个有机无机肥配施处理土壤pH在S1、S2期无显著差异,在S3、S4期随化学氮肥施用量增加而逐渐降低,但降低幅度明显小于单施化肥处理。单施化肥和有机无机肥配施处理土壤pH下降速率分别为0.00~0.20ΔpH/a和0.00~0.08ΔpH/a。有机无机肥配施显著增加番茄生长期土壤NO_(3)^(−)-N含量及收获期和休耕期土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N含量,单施化肥和有机无机肥配施处理土壤NO_(3)^(−)-N含量分别为4.43~197.35 mg/kg和35.16~400.04 mg/kg。与单施化肥相比,有机无机肥配施显著提高土壤SOC和TN含量,显著降低土壤N_(min)/TN(P<0.05)。单施化肥处理土壤NP与NO_(3)^(−)-N含量和pH呈正相关,与NH_(4)^(+)-N含量呈负相关;有机无机肥配施处理土壤NP与SOC、TN和S2期NO_(3)^(−)-N含量均呈正相关,与S2期pH和休耕期N_(min)/TN呈负相关。单施化肥处理土壤pH在S3和S4期与NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(−)-N含量呈显著负相关,有机无机肥配施处理土壤pH在S1、S2和S4期与NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(−)-N含量呈显著负相关,单施化肥和有机无机肥配施处理土壤pH在休耕期均与N_(min)/TN呈显著负相关,有机无机肥配施处理土壤pH还与TN含量呈显著负相关。【结论】与单施化肥相比,有机无机肥配施提高土壤有机碳、全氮含量以及番茄生长中后期土壤NO_(3)^(−)-N含量(硝化潜势),同时降低土壤N_(min)/TN,有效减缓土壤pH下降速率。尿素N 187.5 kg/hm^(2)与有机肥75000 kg/hm^(2)配施处理提高设施土壤供氮能力、减缓土壤酸化的效果最突出。
【Objectives】The effects of nitrogen(N)application rate and combination of chemical and organic fertilizer on soil nitrification potential and pH were studied based a 9-years of tomato positioning experiment,to provide theoretical basis for improving N supply capacity of greenhouse soil and slowing down soil acidification.【Methods】The long-term field experiments of greenhouse tomato cultivation started in 2013 in Shenyang,Liaoning Province,with cropping system of mono-tomato.Four urea N application level of 0,187.5,375.0,562.5 kg/hm^(2),denoted as N0,N1,N2,N3,were setup,and extra four treatments were setup by combining with organic fertilizer 75000 kg/hm^(2) in each N level treatment(MN0,MN1,MN2,MN3),with a total of 8 treatments.At the 1st and 2nd fruit expanding period(S1 and S2),harvest period(S3),and the fallow period after harvest(S4)in 2021,0−10 cm and 10−20 cm soil samples were collected for the determination of nitrification potential(NP),pH,and the NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(−)-N content.The soil organic carbon(SOC)and total N(TN)after harvest were also determined for the calculation of mineral N(N_(min))to TN ratio(N_(min)/TN).【Results】The application rate of chemical N fertilizer,as well as combination with organic fertilizer,and their interaction significantly affected soil NP,pH and NO_(3)^(−)-N content.Compared with the sole chemical fertilizer treatment,the combined application of chemical and organic fertilizer decreased the NP at S1 stage,but increased the NP across S2-S4 stages.N1 treatment had similar soil pH with N0,but N2 and N3 treatment had significantly lower pH at 0-20 cm soil layer,and that N3 treatment was significantly lower than that of N2 treatment(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in soil pH among the four MN treatments at S1 and S2 stages,and the pH at S3 and S4 stages decreased gradually with the increase of N application level,but the decrease range was significantly less than that of sole chemical fertilizer treatments.The decreasing rates of soil pH in sole chemical fertilizer treatments and the combination treatments were 0.00-0.20ΔpH/yr and 0.00-0.08ΔpH/yr,respectively.Combined application treatments significantly increased soil NO_(3)^(−)-N content across whole growing periods and soil NH_(4)^(+)-N content after harvest,the soil NO_(3)^(−)-N content of sole chemical fertilizer and combination treatment was 4.43-197.35 mg/kg and 35.16-400.04 mg/kg,respectively.Compared with the sole application of chemical fertilizer,the combined treatment significantly increased soil SOC and TN,and decreased soil N_(min)/TN(P<0.05).In sole chemical fertilizer treatment,NP was positively correlated with NO_(3)^(−)-N content and pH,and negatively correlated with NH_(4)^(+)-N content.Under the combination treatment,soil NP was positively correlated with SOC,TN and NO_(3)^(−)-N in S2 stage,and negatively correlated with pH in S2 stage and N_(min)/TN in fallow period.Soil pH of chemical fertilizer treatment was negatively correlated with NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(−)-N content at S3 and S4,pH was negatively correlated with NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(−)-N content at S1,S2 and S4 stages of the combination treatments,and soil pH was negatively correlated with N_(min)/TN during fallow period both in chemical fertilizer alone and the combination treatments,and there was a negative correlation between soil pH and TN in the combination treatment(P<0.05).【Conclusions】Compared with sole chemical fertilizer treatment,chemical and organic fertilizer combination could increase soil SOC and TN and NO_(3)^(−)-N content(nitrification potential)in the middle and later stage of tomato growth,reduce N_(min)/TN,and effectively retard the decline rate of soil pH.The combined application of urea N 187.5 kg/hm^(2) and organic fertilizer 75000 kg/hm^(2) is recommended as its extrusive effect in N supply capacity and stable soil pH.
作者
王莹
周珺
孙德龙
付瑞桐
张玉玲
WANG Ying;ZHOU Jun;SUN De-long;FU Rui-tong;ZHANG Yu-ling(College of Land and Environmental Science,Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Northeast Arable Land Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Shenyang,Liaoning 110866,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期602-613,共12页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目子课题(2015BAD23B01-6)。
关键词
设施番茄栽培
有机无机肥配施
土壤硝化潜势
土壤PH
greenhouse tomato cultivation
combined application of chemical and organic fertilizer
soil nitrification potential
soil pH
