摘要
为改善重金属复合污染土壤的微生物环境,进而提高污染土壤的肥力,以皇竹草(Pennisetumsinese)和黑麦草(Lolium perenne)为试验材料,采用单作和间作模式,研究两种不同种植模式下牧草对重金属复合污染去除和富集以及土壤酶活性和微生物数量变化。结果表明,在处理1和处理2复合污染土壤中,间作模式处理下皇竹草和黑麦草Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn富集系数均极显著地高于单作模式。与种植牧草前相比,单作皇竹草处理1和处理2土壤的Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn含量分别降低了49.59%、87.80%、67.48%和73.55%,56.07%、88.73%、63.75%和72.25%,单作黑麦草处理1和处理2土壤重金属含量分别减少了51.45%、87.20%、55.44%和70.95%,55.45%、88.99%、48.83%和70.37%,间作皇竹草和黑麦草处理1和处理2土壤重金属含量分别下降了58.35%、92.29%、81.31%和90.69%,65.44%、93.25%、79.29%和89.60%。在处理1复合污染的土壤上,与种植牧草前相比,单作皇竹草土壤的蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和纤维素酶活性以及细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量分别提高了71.24%、19.22%、76.08%、16.93%、41.67%、54.55%和64.52%,单作黑麦草分别上升了98.89%、8.86%、42.41%、30.50%、26.67%、96.11%和129.60%,间作皇竹草和黑麦草分别增加了100.00%、141.60%、14.58%、33.86%、70.00%、168.80%和259.10%;单作皇竹草土壤的过氧化氢酶和脲酶分别降低了47.97%和70.79%,单作黑麦草分别减少了51.13%和60.68%,间作皇竹草和黑麦草分别下降了56.56%和84.04%。在处理2复合污染的土壤上,单作皇竹草土壤的蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和纤维素酶活性以及细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量分别上升了80.23%、2.84%、94.76%、49.97%、318.10%、74.35%和16.34%,单作黑麦草分别提高了73.77%、20.54%、52.28%、29.99%、299.9%、123.1%和47.71%,间作皇竹草和黑麦草分别上升了83.55%、38.79%、63.04%、49.97%、431.80%、448.70%和54.90%;单作皇竹草土壤的过氧化氢酶和脲酶分别减少了63.21%和70.26%,单作黑麦草分别降低了65.09%和77.43%,间作皇竹草和黑麦草分别下降了49.06%和66.66%。可见间作皇竹草和黑麦草提高牧草重金属富集系数和去除效率以及改善土壤性质的效果明显优于单作牧草,因此优先考虑皇竹草和黑麦草的间作模式作为重金属复合污染土壤的修复模式。
To improve the microbial environment of soil contaminated by heavy metals and soil fertility,Pennisetum sinese and Lolium perenne were used as experimental materials both in monoculture and intercropping ways to study the removal of heavy metal complex pollution,enrichment and the changes of soil enzyme activity and microbial population.The results showed that in the combined polluted soil of treatments 1 and 2,the enrichment coefficients of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in intercropping were significantly higher than those in mono-cropping.The contents of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in mono-cropping P.sinese of treatments 1 and 2 decreased by 49.59%,87.80%,67.48%,73.55% and 56.07%,88.73%,63.75%,72.25%,respectively,compared with those before forage planting.The soil metal contents in mono-cropping of L.perenne in treatments of 1 and 2 decreased by 51.45%,87.20%,55.44%,70.95% and 55.45%,88.99%,48.83%,70.37%,respectively;the soil metal contents in intercropping of P.sinese and L.perenne in treatments of 1 and 2 decreased by 58.35%,92.29%,81.31%,90.69% and 65.44%,93.25%,79.29%,89.60%,respectively.As for P.sinese in mono-cropping,the activities of protease,sucrase,alkaline phosphatase,cellulase and the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes increased by 71.24%,19.22%,76.08%,16.93%,41.67%,54.55% and 64.52%in compound contaminated soil of treatment 1,compared with those before planting forage likewise,which increased by 98.89%,8.86%,42.41%,30.50%,26.67%,96.11% and 129.60% in L.perenne in mono-cropping,meanwhile,in intercropping way,the increments were 100.00%,141.60%,14.58%,33.86%,70.00%,168.80% and 259.10%,respectively.In monoculture of P.sinese and L.perenne,the soil catalase and urease activities decreased by 47.97%,70.79%,and 51.13%,60.68%,respectively,and in intercropping P.sinese and L.perenne,which decreased by 56.56%and 84.04%,respectively.Comparatively,as for P.sinese in monoculture,the activities of protease,sucrase,alkaline phosphatase,cellulase and the number of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes increased by 80.23%,2.84%,94.76%,49.97%,318.10%,74.35% and 16.34%in compound contaminated soil of treatment 2,while those of L.perenne increased by 73.77%,20.54%,52.28%,29.99%,299.90%,123.10% and 47.71%,correspondingly,meanwhile,in intercropping way,the increments were 83.55%,38.79%,63.04%,49.97%,431.80%,448.70% and 54.90%.The soil catalase and urease activities decreased by 63.21%and 70.26%,and 65.09% and 77.43% in monoculture way of P.sinese and L.perenne,respectively,meanwhile,in intercropping way,a decrement of 49.06% and 66.66%,respectively could be observed.In conclusion,the effects of intercropping P.sinese and L.perenne on the enrichment coefficient and removal efficiency of heavy metals and the improvement of soil properties were obviously better than those of monocropping forage.Therefore,the intercropping of P.sinese and L.perenne is considered as the remediation mode of heavy metal complex contaminated soil.
作者
王昌伟
邹文桐
王艳君
吴楚婷
WANG Changwei;ZOU Wentong;WANG Yanjun;WU Chuting(Scientific Bureau,Fujian Polytechnic Normal University,Fuqing 350300;School of Food and Biological Engineering,Fujian Polytechnic Normal University,Fuqing 350300)
出处
《安徽农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2023年第2期341-348,共8页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural University
基金
福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2019J01891)
福建省教育厅中青年项目(JT180617)
中央引导地方科技发展专项(2019L3013)
福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2019J01893)
现代设施农业福建省高校工程研究中心开放课题(G2-KF1802)共同资助。
关键词
牧草
种植模式
重金属去除率
土壤酶活性
土壤微生物数量
forage
planting patterns
removal rate of heavy metals
soil enzyme activity
number of soil microorganisms
