摘要
【目的】海南长臂猿(Nomascus hainanus)是全球最濒危的灵长类动物,也是我国国家一级重点保护野生动物。研究其分布格局与环境之间的关系,识别适宜栖息地,对规划生态廊道和恢复栖息地环境以便促进海南长臂猿种群增长和扩散具有重要意义。【方法】基于2021年6—7月(雨季)、2022年2—3月(旱季)的野外跟踪调查数据,并以公开发表的文献记录作补充,剔除冗余的分布数据,最终筛选出111个分布位点用于构建模型。将物种分布数据与10个环境变量数据导入MaxEnt模型,获得当前气候条件下海南长臂猿适宜栖息地的分布,并分析其与环境因子的关系。【结果】模型检验结果AUC值达0.953,模型精度较高;刀切法检验结果显示海南长臂猿在海南热带雨林国家公园适宜栖息地的分布主要受最旱月平均降水量、年降水量、最暖月均温和冠层高度这4个环境因子影响。海南热带雨林国家公园海南长臂猿适宜栖息地的面积为272.76 km^(2),仅占公园规划面积的6.39%。适宜区主要在霸王岭片区,占总适宜栖息地面积的64.05%;鹦哥岭和尖峰岭也有较大面积的适宜区域,分别占总适宜区面积的23.82%和9.89%。模型结果显示,次适宜区面积达1309.02 km^(2),是未来构建生态廊道的重要缓冲区域。【结论】1)海南长臂猿偏向于分布在降雨丰富的区域,因干旱季节降雨量不足会限制海南长臂猿种群发展;2)海南长臂猿对林冠下层的利用率低,对高大粗壮植株的依赖性强。旱季可利用果实不足和高大食源植物匮乏,必然会限制海南长臂猿种群的恢复和扩散。因此,建议有针对性地恢复和管理连接适宜栖息地之间的次适宜区域,在恢复造林过程中,选择能在旱季提供丰富果实的树种,将其逐渐转化为适宜栖息地,从而提高栖息地的连通性。
【Objective】Hainan gibbon(Nomascus hainanus)is the most endangered primate in the world,and it is also a national Class I key protected wild animal in China.Studying the relationship between its distribution pattern and environment and identifying its suitable habitat is of great significance for ecological corridor planning and habitat environment restoration,and promoting the growth and diffusion of Hainan gibbon.【Methods】Based on the field tracking survey data from June to July 2021(rainy season)and February to March 2022(dry season),and supplemented by published literature records,this study eliminated redundant distribution data,and finally selected 111 distribution sites for model construction.The species distribution data and 10 environmental variables data were imported into the MaxEnt model to obtain the distribution of suitable habitats for Hainan gibbons under current climatic conditions,and the correlation between the distribution of Hainan gibbons and environmental factors was analyzed.【Results】The AUC value of the model test results was 0.953,and the model accuracy was high.The results of the Jackknife showed that the distribution of suitable habitats for Hainan gibbon in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest(NPHTR)was mainly affected by the four environmental factors of mean driest month precipitation,mean annual precipitation,mean warmest month temperature and canopy height.The suitable habitat area of Hainan gibbon in NPHTR is 272.76 km2,accounting for only 6.39%of the planned area of the park.The suitable area is mainly in the Bawangling area,accounting for 64.05%of the total suitable habitat area.Yinggeling and Jianfengling also have large suitable areas,accounting for 23.82%and 9.89%of the total suitable area,respectively.The model results show that the sub-suitable area is 1309.02 km2,which is an important buffer area for the construction of ecological corridors in the future.【Conclusion】1)Hainan gibbon tends to be distributed in areas with abundant rainfall,and insufficient rainfall in dry seasons will limit the development of Hainan gibbon population;2)The utilization rate of Hainan gibbon to the lower canopy is low,and the dependence on tall and thick plants is strong.The shortage of available fruits in the dry season and the lack of tall food plants will inevitably limit the recovery and diffusion of Hainan gibbon population.Therefore,it is recommended to restore and manage the sub-suitable areas connecting suitable habitats in a targeted manner.In the process of restoring afforestation,tree species that can provide rich fruits in the dry season should be selected and gradually transformed into suitable habitats to improve habitat connectivity.
作者
毕玉
金崑
Bi Yu;Jin Kun(Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Research Institute of Natural Protected Area,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《陆地生态系统与保护学报》
2022年第6期79-87,共9页
Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation
基金
中国林业科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(重点项目)(CAFYBB2019ZB010)
国家林业和草原局项目(21302112021-4023,21302112019-4017,21302102021-4106)。
