摘要
放射治疗是肿瘤患者重要的治疗手段之一,然而射线在照射肿瘤细胞的同时,正常组织细胞也会发生放射性损伤。放射性皮炎是肿瘤放射治疗常见的并发症之一,其发生率约为50%~90%,主要表现为红斑、脱屑以及溃疡等,严重影响患者的生活质量,甚至还会导致部分患者终止放射治疗,因此,采用合适的评估工具对放射性皮炎进行早期评估及识别,并进行积极的护理干预尤为重要。目前可以用来评估放射性皮炎的评估工具及护理干预的措施较多,而鲜有关于放射性皮炎的评估工具以及护理干预措施的综述。鉴于此,本文对放射治疗肿瘤组织分级系统(RTOG)、急性放射性皮炎反应评估量表(RISRAS)、通用不良事件术语标准(CTCAE)以及皮肤毒性评估工具(STAT)4种放射性皮炎的评估工具进行综述,并对皮肤清洗、软聚硅酮敷料和银离子敷料等新型敷料、皮质醇类和金盏花等外用制剂以及其他相关护理措施进行综述,并在此基础上进行展望,旨在为今后肿瘤患者放射性皮炎的护理及科研提供借鉴,提高患者的生活质量。
Radiation therapy is one of the most important treatment methods for patients with cancer.However,when radiation irradiates tumour cells,normal tissue cells will undergo radiation damage.Radiation dermatitis is one of the most common complications of tumour radiation therapy,with an incidence rate of about 50%to 90%,and mainly manifests as erythema,desquamation and ulcers.It seriously affects the quality of life of patients and even lead to termination of radiotherapy in some patients.Therefore,appropriate assessment tools should be used for early assessment and identification of radiation dermatitis and for carrying out active nursing interventions.Currently,many assessment tools and nursing intervention measures can be used to assess radiation dermatitis,but related review works are few.This article reviewed four radiodermatitis assessment tools:radiation therapy oncology group(RTOG),radiation-induced skin reaction assessment Scale(RISRAS),common terminology criteria for adverse events(CTCAE)and skin toxicity assessment tool(STAT).New dressings,such as skin cleansing,soft silicone dressings and silver ion dressings,topical preparations,such as cortisol and calendula,and other related care measures were also summarised.This work provided reference for the nursing and scientific research of patients with tumour and radioactive dermatitis in the future and improved their quality of life.
作者
彭琦
孙红玲
吴婉英
谢玲女
PENG Qi;SUN Hongling;WU Wanying;XIE Lingnyu(Outpatient Department,the Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Zhejiang Cancer Hospital),Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310022,China;不详)
出处
《中华全科医学》
2023年第5期849-852,共4页
Chinese Journal of General Practice
基金
浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2022KY102,2021KY102)。
关键词
放射性皮炎
皮肤护理
评估
护理
综述
Radiodermatitis
Skin care
Assessment
Nursing
Review
