摘要
目的:观察人体在小蹦床和BOSU球运动前后动静态平衡能力的变化,探究两种训练手段存在的差异。方法:对12名受试者分别进行小蹦床运动和BOSU球,在运动前后对受试者进行平衡能力测试,测量平面和软踏闭目单足站立测验评估静态能力,起立-行走测试、闭目原地踏步、Y型平衡测试用于评估动态平衡能力,并且用意大利足底压力板对受试者进行睁眼/闭眼单腿站立姿势测试,观察受试者球长度、椭圆面积、平均速度和几何中心变化。结果:(1)在小蹦床训练前后,平面和软踏闭目单足站立成绩分别提升49%和76%且差异性均表现为p<0.05、闭目原地踏步测试时长提升了19.9s,且p<0.05、Y型平衡测试左右脚得分分别提升3.2分和4.3分、足底压力测试闭眼单腿站立几何中心X轴有向右改变趋势,p<0.05;起立-行走测试、足底压力测试睁眼单腿站立椭圆面积、球长度、平均速度、几何中心X、Y轴;闭眼单腿站立椭圆面积、球长度、平均速度、几何中心Y轴中均无显著差异。(2)在BOSU球训练前后,平面和软踏闭目单足站立时长分别提高44.5s和7.9s、闭目原地踏步测试成绩提升27.1s,且差异性均表现为p<0.05;Y型平衡测试中左脚改善优于右脚,分别为左脚提升3.7分和右脚提升2.9分,p<0.05;起立-行走测试和足底压力测试中成绩提升并不明显,p>0.05。(3)小蹦床与BOSU训练前后差值比较中,足底压力测试睁眼单腿站立几何中心X轴中,小蹦床训练前后差值表现为重心从左向右偏移,BOSU球则为从右向左偏移,p<0.05;闭眼单腿站立中小蹦床训练后球长度和平均速度有降低趋势,而BOSU球训练后并不明显,差值比较P<0.05,几何中心X轴变化有显著差异,小蹦床训练后重心偏移4.3mm,BOSU球则偏移1.3mm,两者均有向右偏移趋势;比较两者前后增长率,动静态平衡及足底压力测试中均无显著差异。结论:(1)小蹦床运动和BOSU球运动对平衡能力都有明显改善,能有效提升人体的静态和动态平衡能力,且对于平衡能力的提高效果一致。(2)小蹦床运动对调节人体冠状面平衡稳定性的效果优于BOSU球运动。
Objective:To observe the changes in the dynamic and static balance ability of the human body before and after the Mini-Trampoline and BOSU ball exercise,and to explore the differences between the two training methods.Methods:The Mini-Trampoline and BOSU balls were performed on 12 subjects.Before and after the exercise,the balance ability of the subjects was tested,and the static ability was evaluated by measuring the plane and the soft-footed single leg standing test.The standing-walk test,the closed-eye walking test and the Y-type balance test were used to evaluate the dynamic balance ability.The Italian plantar pressure plate was used to test the subjects'open-eye/closed-eye single leg standing posture,and the changes of the ball length,elliptical area,average speed and geometric center were observed.Results:(1)Before and after the small trampoline training,the performance of flat and soft pedal closed-eye single-leg stance improved by 49% and 76% respectively and the variability was p<0.05;the duration of closed-eye in-situ stepping test improved by 19.9s and p<0,05;the scores of left and right foot in Y-shaped balance test improved by 3.2 and 4.3 points respectively;the geometric center X-axis of closed-eye single-leg stance in plantar pressure test had a tendency to change to the right,p<0.05;there were no significant differences in the ellipse area,ball length,mean velocity,and geometric center X and Y axes in the eye-open single-leg stance ellipse area,ball length,mean velocity,and geometric center Y axis in the get-up-and-walk test and the plantar pressure test;and in the closed-eye single-leg stance ellipse area,ball length,mean velocity,and geometric center Y axis.(2)Before and after BOSU ball training,the length of closed-eye single-leg stance in plane and soft pedal improved by 44.5s and 7.9s,respectively,and the performance of closed-eye in-situ stepping test improved by 27.1s,and the differences were all shown at p<0.05;the improvement of left foot was better than that of right foot in Y-shaped balance test,with 3.7 points for left foot and 2.9 points for right foot,respectively,at p<0.05;the performance improvement in rise-walk test and foot.(3)In the comparison of the difference between the before and after training of the small trampoline and BOSU,in the X-axis of the geometric center of the open-eye single-leg stance of the plantar pressure test,the difference before and after training of the small trampoline showed that the center of gravity shifted from left to right,while the BOSU ball shifted from right to left,p<0.05;the length and average speed of the ball tended to decrease after training of the small trampoline in the closed-eye single-leg stance There was a significant difference in the geometric center X-axis change,with the center of gravity shifting 4.3 mm after trampoline training,while the BOSU ball shifted 1.3 mm,and both had a tendency to shift to the right;there was no significant difference in the growth rate before and after comparing the two,and there was no significant difference in the dynamic and static balance and plantar pressure test.Conclusion:(1)Mini-Trampoline exercise and BOSU ball exercise can significantly improve the balance ability,can effectively improve the static and dynamic balance ability of the human body,and have the same effect on improving the balance ability.(2)The effect of Mini-Trampoline exercise on adjusting the balance and stability of the coronal plane of the human body is better than that of BOSU ball exercise.
作者
杨颖
贾谊
YANG Ying;JIA Yi(North University of China,Taiyuan Shanxi,030000,China)
出处
《四川体育科学》
2023年第3期36-44,共9页
Sichuan Sports Science
基金
山西省研究生创新项目,2021Y642。
关键词
小蹦床
BOSU球
平衡训练
平衡能力
Mini-Trampoline
BOSU ball
Balance training
Balance ability
