摘要
为探究乌苏里鼠李(Rhamnus ussuriensis)茎叶的解剖结构对环境的适应性机理,采用石蜡切片及扫描电镜技术,对乌苏里鼠李叶片、茎的解剖结构进行研究。结果表明:乌苏里鼠李叶片为典型异面叶,表皮毛和气孔均分布在下表皮,气孔指数为39.04%;栅栏组织由2层薄壁组织细胞组成,结构紧密,海绵组织排列疏松。叶片主脉发达,维管束呈环状排列,木质部导管数量较多,直径较大,维管束周围薄壁组织细胞后含物丰富。在茎的初生结构中,表皮细胞角质层较厚,皮层薄壁组织细胞内含有晶簇,维管束为外韧无限维管束,髓部发达;茎的次生结构中年轮显明,为典型的环孔材,有凹下的皮孔,次生木质部发达,导管以螺纹导管与孔纹导管居多,导管分子多为复管孔;射线以单列射线为主,偶见双列射线。乌苏里鼠李叶片、茎的解剖结构具有明显的抗逆特性,能够较好的适应干旱、寒冷环境。
To investigate the adaptability mechanism of the anatomical structure of the Rhamnus ussuriensis stems and leaves to the environment,the stems and leaves of Rh.ussuriensisis were studied by paraffin sections and scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that:leaf blade of Rh.ussuriensisis was bifacial;trichomes and stomata were distributed in lower epidermis;stomatal index was 39.04%;the palisade tissue was composed of two layers of parenchyma cells;the palisade tissue had a compact structure,however,the spongy tissue was loosely arranged.The main veins of the leaves were developed,the vascular bundles were arranged in the ring-shape,the number of xylem vessels and the diameter was large respectively,and the parenchyma cells around the vascular bundle contained abundant ergastic substance.In the primary structure of stem,the cuticle of epidermal cells was thick,and the cells of cortex parenchyma contained crystal clusters.The vascular bundle was open collateral vascular bundle;the medulla was developed;the secondary structure of the stem had obvious annual rings,which was a typical ring-porous wood,with concave lenticels and developed secondary xylem;most of the vessels were spiral vessels and pitted vessels,and the vessel member were mostly compound pores.The rays were mainly single rays,with a small number of double rays.The anatomical structure of the R.ussuriensishas leaves and stems had obvious characteristics of drought resistance and cold resistance,it might adapt to arid and cold environments.
作者
吴青松
刘英卉
李硕
李盼盼
张友民
WU Qingsong;LIU Yinghui;LI Shuo;LI Panpan;ZHANG Youmin(College of Horticulture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118)
出处
《植物研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期461-469,共9页
Bulletin of Botanical Research
基金
吉林省自然科学基金项目(20130101083JC)。
关键词
乌苏里鼠李
叶
茎
解剖结构
生态适应性
Rhamnus ussuriensis
leaf
stem
anatomical structure
ecological adaptation
