摘要
【目的】探究不同间作模式对糯高粱干物质、养分积累及产量的影响,以期为糯高粱间作共生作物选择及高效栽培模式推广提供参考。【方法】以单作糯高粱(SW)为对照,设糯高粱间作花生(WP)、糯高粱间作大豆(WS)、糯高粱间作辣椒(WC)和糯高粱间作红薯(WSP)4种间作模式,测定糯高粱拔节期、开花期和成熟期的干物质积累量、养分含量和积累量,于糯高粱收获前3 d测定主要农艺性状,作物收获后测产并计算土地当量比。【结果】糯高粱各营养器官(根、茎、叶)干物质积累量从拔节期至成熟期呈先增加后减少的变化趋势,在开花期达最大值;与单作糯高粱SW处理相比,间作处理增加了糯高粱各器官(根、茎、叶、穗、籽粒)的干物质积累量,且最大值均出现在WS处理。从拔节期至成熟期,糯高粱各营养器官的氮、磷、钾含量逐渐降低,而氮、磷、钾积累量先增加后减少;不同处理间糯高粱各器官的氮、磷、钾含量及积累量均表现为WS>WP>WSP>WC>SW。不同间作模式均降低了糯高粱株高,增加了茎粗、穗长、穗粒数和千粒重。WS处理下糯高粱产量减少最低(1.09%),与SW处理的糯高粱产量无显著差异(P>0.05),其搭配作物大豆产量减少也最低(57.16%)。4种间作模式的土地当量比均大于1.00,表现出间作优势。【结论】糯高粱与大豆、花生、辣椒和红薯间作均可增加糯高粱各器官干物质和氮、磷、钾的积累,促进糯高粱穗的生长发育,提高土地生产力。4种间作模式相比,糯高粱与大豆间作是贵州当地相对较优的间作模式。
【Objective】To explore the effects of different intercropping modes on dry matter,nutrient accumulation and yield of waxy sorghum,which could provide reference for the selection of intercropping symbiotic crops and the promotion of high-efficiency cultivation modes of waxy sorghum.【Method】Taking waxy sorghum(SW)monoculture as control,four intercropping models were set up:waxy sorghum intercropping with peanut(WP),waxy sorghum intercropping with soybean(WS),waxy sorghum intercropping with pepper(WC)and waxy sorghum intercropping with sweet potato(WSP).The dry matter accumulation,nutrient content and accumulation of waxy sorghum at the jointing stage,anthesis stage and maturity stage were measured.The main agronomic traits were measured 3 d before the waxy sorghum was harvested.The yield was measured after the crop was harvested and the land equivalent ratio was calculated.【Result】The dry matter accumulation of each vegetative organ(root,stem,leaf)of waxy sorghum showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing from the jointing stage to the mature stage,and reached the maximum at the flowering stage.Compared with waxy sorghum monoculture,the dry matter accumulation of each organ(root,stem,leaf,ear and grain)of waxy sorghum increased,and the maximum values all appeared in WS treatment.From the jointing stage to the mature stage,the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in each vegetative organ of waxy sorghum gradually decreased,while the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium increased first and then decreased.The accumulations were all in the form of WS>WP>WSP>WC>SW.Different intercropping patterns decreased the plant height of waxy sorghum and increased the stem diameter,ear length,grain number per ear and thousand-grain weight.The yield reduction of waxy sorghum under WS treatment was the lowest(1.09%),which was not significantly different from that of SW treatment(P>0.05),and the yield reduction of its co-crop soybean was also the lowest(57.16%).The land equivalent ratios of the four intercropping modes were all greater than 1.00,showing the advantages of intercropping.【Conclusion】The intercropping of glutinous sorghum with soybean,peanut,pepper and sweet potato can increase the accumulation of dry matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in each organ of waxy sorghum,promote the growth and development of glutinous sorghum ears,and improve land productivity.Compared with the four intercropping modes,the intercropping mode of glutinous sorghum and soybean is a relatively better intercropping mode in Guizhou.
作者
彭方丽
汪灿
周棱波
张国兵
赵强
张春兰
高杰
邵明波
PENG Fang-li;WANG Can;ZHOU Ling-bo;ZHANG Guo-bing;ZHAO Qiang;ZHANG Chun-lan;GAO Jie;SHAO Ming-bo(Institute of Upland Food Crops,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期68-79,共12页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
国家谷子高粱产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06-14.5-B26)
贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y053号,黔科合支撑[2020]1Y122号)。
关键词
间作
糯高粱
干物质
养分
产量
intercropping
waxy sorghum
dry matter
nutrient
yield
