摘要
以双膜覆盖栽培技术为研究基础,通过探索不同揭膜方式对棉花生长发育、产量及品质的影响,提出一种新型的地膜覆盖及揭膜方式,以期有效解决残膜污染问题。田间自然条件下,设置5个处理,即膜侧播种+双膜覆盖+苗后头水前揭膜(T_(1))、膜侧播种+双膜覆盖+苗后揭上膜(T_(2))、裸播(T_(3))、膜下播种+单膜覆盖+苗后揭膜(T_(4))、膜下播种+双膜覆盖+苗后揭上膜(CK),测定棉花农艺性状、生育期、成铃、产量及品质指标,进而分析处理间差异。结果表明:T_(1)处理对棉花株高影响不显著,T_(2)和T_(4)处理对株高影响较小,而T_(3)处理则导致株高显著降低,对棉花生长具有抑制作用;T_(1)、T_(4)和CK处理可以显著降低杂草数量,T_(2)和T_(3)处理对杂草数量的控制力度相对较弱;揭膜方式的变化对棉株生育期天数及产量形成的空间分布具有一定影响;T_(3)处理会显著降低棉花产量,其他处理对产量无显著影响;不同处理对棉花纤维品质发育无显著影响。在保证株高、产量及品质不降低的基础上,T_(1)处理能够控制杂草数量、优化成铃分布,可有效避免残膜污染,在生产上具有较好的推广应用价值。
A new film covering and film uncovering method was proposed in this study based on research of double film mulching to explore the effects of different film uncovering methods on growth development,yield and quality of cotton to fundamentally solve the problem of residual film pollution.Five experimental treatments including film side sowing+double film mulching+film uncovering before head water after seedling emergence(T_(1)),film side sowing+double film mulching+top-film uncovering after seedling emergence(T_(2)),unmulchedsowing(T_(3)),sowing under film+single film mulching+uncovering film after seedling emergence(T_(4))and sowing under film+double film mulching+top-film uncovering after seedling emergence(CK)were set under the natural conditions in the field.The differences between treatments were analyzed by measuring the agronomic characters,growth period,boll formation,yield and quality of cotton in different treatments.The results showed that T_(1)treatment had no significant effect on cotton plant height,T_(2)and T_(4)had little effect on cotton plant height,while T_(3)significantly reduced cotton plant height and inhibited cotton growth.Additionally,T_(1),T_(4)and CK treatments significantly reduced the number of weeds,while T_(2)and T_(3)treatments had relatively weak control intensity on the number of weeds.Therefore,the film uncovering mode had a certain effect on the length of cotton growth period and the spatial distribution of yield formation.Besides,T_(3)significantly reduced cotton yield while other treatments had no significant effect on cotton yield.All treatments had no significant effect on cotton fiber quality development.T_(1)helped control the number of weeds and optimize boll distribution and avoid residual film pollution while it had no effect on reduction of plant height,yield and quality.Therefore,the method in the T_(1)treatment should be recommended in cotton production.
作者
徐守振
马麒
宁新柱
李吉莲
陈红
王方永
韩焕勇
林海
XU Shouzhen;MA Qi;NING Xinzhu;LI Jilian;CHEN Hong;WANG Fangyong;HAN Huanyong;LIN Hai(Cotton Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science/Northwest Inland Region Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Cotton Genetic Improvement and High Yield Cultivation in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期202-209,共8页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32260540)
新疆兵团英才第二周期第二层次
优质机采棉种质资源创制与新品种选育创新团队项目(NCG202231)
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1001000)
新疆兵团科技创新人才计划项目(2020CB014)
新疆兵团八师重大专项项目(2020ZD01)
新疆兵团南疆早中熟棉花育种创新团队项目(2020CB003)。
关键词
棉花
覆膜栽培
揭膜方式
生长发育
杂草数量
产量
纤维品质
cotton
film mulching cultivation
film uncovering mode
growth and development
weed quantity
yield
fiber quality
