摘要
21世纪,在继承传统文化和融合环境的双重感召下,许多中国建筑师寻求从中国古典园林中挖掘文化基因,发展中国特色的建筑与环境创作思想与方法。聚焦中国古典园林建筑与环境互妙相生的特质,探析其思想根源和文化内涵,提炼和总结在此建筑环境观影响下当代中国建筑创作实践中三个层面的策略:随曲合方、因地成形的建筑形态塑造;因借无由、相互渗透的建筑边界处理;可望可游、步移景异的空间序列组织。以期为中国建筑师构建与自然环境相得益彰、交互共进的关系提供策略性参照。
Faced with the dual goals of inheriting traditional culture and culture-environment integration in the 21st century,many Chinese architects are attempting to explore cultural genes from Chinese classical gardens, and develop architectural and environmental creation ideas and methods with Chinese characteristics.The architectural environment view of harmonious development contained in Chinese classical gardens is one way of conceptualizing the relationship between architecture and environment. It can guide Chinese architects to establish a positive dialogue and harmonious coexistence with the natural environment during localization of contemporary architecture. Based on representative and typical cases of architectural works in China in the first two decades of the 21st century, three levels of strategies in contemporary Chinese architectural practices under the influence of the architectural environment view of Chinese classical gardens were extracted and summarized: 1)architectural shaping in accordance to local geography;2) architectural boundary processing in accordance to mutual penetration;and 3)spatial sequence organization of landscapes for sightseeing and appreciation. These strategies are expected to provide Chinese architects with strategic references to establish a harmonious relationship with the natural environment.For architectural shaping, the architectural plane layout begins from the internal environment of the site. Architecture is closely combined with landscapes according to local topography during design and construction;or architecture is hidden and transformed into one part of the natural environment;or natural elements in the environment are extracted and cited to abstract their characteristics,and then transformed into the structural language of architecture. In architectural boundary processing, the indoor and outdoor spaces of buildings are combined through transparent forms or materials, forming mutual penetration of vision. A sight gallery is built between the internal and external environments enclosed by buildings by opening boundary spaces, incorporating far and near scenes into architecture, and even realizing space accessibility. In spatial sequence organization,contemporary architecture is constructed along the spatial sequences of courtyards. Although pedestrians walk on indoor routes, they can make visual communication with the outdoor environment continuously.Alternatively, wandering routes are formed by galleries around architecture, and journey and experience time are prolonged by fluctuation and uncertainty of travel routes. Besides, indoor and outdoor spaces are alternated by route guiding. People travel with thoughts of the previous scene and expectation of the next scene. They accumulate emotions continuously with the overlapping of scenes, finally forming complete experiences with a fusion of feelings and natural scenes.In the future, Chinese architecture may develop and progress in continuous practices based on existing achievements. In the context of high-density urbanization, the value of the harmonious man-environment relationship of Chinese classical gardens being internalized and applied in contemporary architectural design practices will also become increasingly prominent. There are abundant complicated relationships between architecture and the environment.Architectural practice strategies must continuously evolve and innovate,and then be developed into environmental countermeasures and cultural standpoints different from the Western architecture system.
作者
王嫒璐
张向炜
WANG Ailu;ZHANG Xiangwei
出处
《南方建筑》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期84-90,共7页
South Architecture
基金
国家社会科学基金艺术学重大项目(项目编号:20ZD11)
中国建筑艺术的理论与实践(1949-2019)。
关键词
中国古典园林
建筑环境观
互妙相生
空间策略
Chinese classical gardens
architectural environment view
harmonious development
spatial strategy
