摘要
传统村落凝聚着中国传统文化的内在精神与外化表现,是文化传承与旅游开发的中介,研究其动态变化并据此探究有效传承策略有利于保护与挖掘其文化价值。以苏南水乡聚落为例,立足地理学景观基因理论,运用特征解构提取法对其进行基因识别,在此基础上进行景观基因变异特征分析并梳理提出其变异机制,归纳总结苏南地区传统村落的变异趋势。最后,从生物学基因变异角度将其概括为传承型变异、替换型变异、融合型变异、缺失型变异四种类型,并针对不同变异类型提出相应的修复传承策略,为现有传统村落保护的理论认知提供方法参考。
Traditional villages carry the internal spirits and external manifestation of Chinese traditional culture,and they are bridges between cultural heritage and tourism development.Currently,these villages struggle with insufficient development and protection.Studying the dynamic changes of traditional villages and thereby exploring effective strategies for cultural heritage are conducive to the preservation and exploitation of their cultural value.In this study,traditional villages in southern Jiangsu were divided into architectural genes,cultural genes,environmental genes,and layout genes by the feature decomposition and extraction method based on the geographical landscape gene theory.Landscape genes were recognized and extracted based on element extraction,graph extraction,structural extraction,and meaning extraction.On this basis,the variation characteristics of landscape genes were analyzed.The interactive driving mechanisms of natural ecology,economical society,and ideological culture were analyzed by using them as the major driving factors.Natural ecology provides basic material sources for ecological society and ideological culture,whereas economical society and ideological culture offer positive or negative feedback to natural ecology.Moreover,as an endogenous driving factor,ideological culture interacts with economical society,which is used as the exogenous driving factor.Ultimately,the landscape genes of traditional villages in southern Jiangsu present the following variation trends:(1) Architectural genes:The hollowing of settlement is intensified and there exists serious wasting of ancient buildings,accompanied by the lack of an ancient appearance.Most buildings have been restored well under the protection policies of the government.New residential buildings have significant changes,which form a disadvantageous trend in terms of heritage.(2) Environmental genes:The overall landscape environment did not change obviously,except for some reduction of the water network.The production and living environment in traditional villages were kept well.In particular,the landscape genes of low-lying paddy field landscapes in waterfront areas and the tea mountain landscape around the Taihu Lake are inherited effectively.(3) Cultural genes:The traditional folk customs are generally disappearing and variation characteristics are prominent,bringing a crisis of heritage interruption.Influenced by the cultural tourism industry,the modern multiculture penetrates traditional villages and accelerates the disappearance of traditional culture.(4) Layout genes:The overall layout is inherited completely except for local expansion and appropriation.The changes in street and land genes are not relatively significant.Finally,such changes are summarized into four types according to biological gene variation,namely,heritage variation,replacement variation,integration variation,and missing variation.To address these four types of variation,some restoration strategies were proposed,including traditional restoration and digital protection and restoration,removing restoration and organic updating,symbiosis restoration and culture heritage,derivative restoration,and digital media communication.These can provide method references for existing theoretical cognition on traditional village protection.In this study,only a qualitative analysis on landscape gene variations of traditional villages in southern Jiangsu was carried out,which might have some issues due to insufficient data.In the future,more quantitative studies with more data are still needed for supplementary verification,and it is expected that they will be applied to practical planning for further promotion.
作者
李晓颖
张赟乐
LI Xiaoying;ZHANG Yunle
出处
《南方建筑》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期91-98,共8页
South Architecture
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFD1100404):乡村植物景观营造及应用技术研究
2020年江苏高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目(2020SJA0154):景观基因图谱视角下的乡土景观风貌构建研究——以苏南地区为例
江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(20181008)。
关键词
风景园林
苏南水乡
景观基因变异
变异机制
修复传承
landscape architecture
water village in Southern Jiangsu
landscape genetic variation
variation mechanism
restoration
