摘要
本试验旨在研究在西藏高原环境下,舍饲与半舍饲模式对娟姗牛乳品质、瘤胃发酵以及血清抗氧化和免疫指标的影响。试验选择12头健康高原娟姗牛,随机分成2组,6头放牧并补饲精料为放牧+补饲的半舍饲组,另6头饲喂全混合日粮(TMR)为舍饲组。预试期14 d,正试期41 d。结果表明:1)舍饲组采食量高于半舍饲组,舍饲组乳糖、乳蛋白质和非脂乳固体含量显著高于半舍饲组(P<0.05)。2)舍饲组瘤胃乙酸、丙酸和氨态氮浓度显著高于半舍饲组(P<0.05)。3)半舍饲组瘤胃菌群alpha多样性指数中的Chao1指数显著高于舍饲组(P<0.05),舍饲组瘤胃放线菌门(Actinobacteria)相对丰度显著高于半舍饲组(P<0.05),舍饲组瘤胃瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)相对丰度有高于半舍饲组的趋势(P>0.05)。4)2组间血清总抗氧化能力、丙二醛含量以及谷胱甘肽过氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性没有显著差异(P>0.05),半舍饲组血清细胞白介素-6、免疫球蛋白M和肿瘤坏死因子-α含量显著高于舍饲组(P<0.05)。综上可知,在西藏高原环境下采用TMR舍饲能够为娟姗牛提供均衡的营养,提高瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸和氨态氮浓度,提高产奶量,改善乳品质,但降低了瘤胃菌群的丰富度;舍饲和半舍饲对娟姗牛血清抗氧化指标没有显著影响,半舍饲组娟姗牛免疫力高于舍饲组。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of shed feeding and semi-shed feeding patterns on milk quality,rumen fermentation and serum antioxidant and immune indices of Jersey cattle in the Tibetan Plateau.Twelve healthy Jersey cattle from plateau were randomly divided into two groups,six cattle grazed and supplemented with concentrate were semi-shed feeding group,and the other six cattle fed the total mixed ration(TMR)were shed feeding group.The preliminary trial period lasted for 14 days,and the experimental period lasted for 41 days.The results showed as follows:1)the feed intake in the shed feeding group was higher than that in the semi-shed feeding group,and the contents of lactose,milk protein and non-fat milk solids in the shed feeding group were significantly higher than those in the semi-shed feeding group(P<0.05).2)The concentrations of acetate,propionate and ammonia nitrogen in rumen in the shed feeding group were significantly higher than those in the semi-shed feeding group(P<0.05).3)Chao1 index,which was a rumen microflora alpha diversity index,in the semi-shed feeding group was significantly higher than that in the shed feeding group(P<0.05);the Actinobacteria relative abundance in rumen in the shed feeding group was significantly higher than that in the semi-shed feeding group(P<0.05),and the Ruminococcus relative abundance in rumen in the shed feeding group tended to be higher than that in the semi-shed feeding group(P>0.05).4)There were no significant differences in serum total antioxidant capacity,malondialdehyde content and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase between two groups(P>0.05),but the contents of interleukin-6,immunoglobulin M and tumor necrosis factor-αin serum in the semi-shed feeding group were significantly higher than those in the shed feeding group(P<0.05).In conclusion,the shed feeding with TMR can provide balanced nutrition for Jersey cattle in Tibet plateau,increase rumen volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen concentrations,increase milk yield and improve milk quality,but reduce rumen microflora richness;the shed feeding and semi-shed feeding have no different significant effects on serum antioxidant indices of Jersey cattle,and the immunity of Jersey cattle in the semi-shed feeding group is higher than that in the shed feeding group.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2023,35(5):3093-3103]
作者
苑妞妞
潘琪浩
胡微唯
张超楠
高腾云
廉红霞
赵丽
孙宇
YUAN Niuniu;PAN Qihao;HU Weiwei;ZHANG Chaonan;GAO Tengyun;LIAN Hongxia;ZHAO Li;SUN Yu(College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Institute of Animal Science,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850009,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期3093-3103,共11页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
西藏自治区日喀则市2021年科技计划项目(RKZ2021KJ12)
西藏自治区科学技术厅2019年科技计划项目(XZ-2019-NK-NS-003)
国家现代奶牛产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-36)。
关键词
娟姗牛
高原
乳品质
瘤胃发酵
血清抗氧化指标
血清免疫指标
Jersey cattle
plateau
milk quality
rumen fermentation
serum antioxidant index
serum immune index
