摘要
鸟类是城市生态健康水平和生态修复效果的重要指示性物种。当前珠三角的城市与区域规划普遍缺乏与鸟类生态相关的基础数据支撑,导致在生态规划与修复领域对鸟类的生境选择与移动规律的认知趋于定性,不利于构建鸟类友好城市。根据数据可用性及其对珠三角城市生态规划与修复的借鉴意义,本文以新冠疫情为切入口,以香港地区为例,借助Shannon指数与最大熵模型对疫情前和疫情期间的eBird鸟类观测数据进行分析,归纳出香港地区鸟类对城市人类总体活动强度下降的4条响应规律:(1)鸟类总体多样性变化在繁殖季的标准差(25.68)明显高于越冬季(15.25)和全年(12.43)总体表现,对人类活动强度变化反馈敏感;(2)鸟类总体多样性空间格局在疫情期间呈现出“北部高且波动小、中部南部中等且存在季节性交替上升、城市核心区低且波动大”的特点;(3)陆鸟与水鸟优势种分布概率较疫情前增加24%及以上的地区主要由草地、农地、林地、灌丛与乡郊居所5类用地构成;(4)农地是5类用地中唯一在500 m×500 m样方内的面积比重与陆鸟、水鸟优势种分布概率的平均增长量均呈正相关的用地,相关系数分别为0.25和0.049。据此结果,本文建议珠三角城市根据所在地鸟类生态在季节波动、鸟种构成、土地利用等方面的特征,制定针对性强的生态规划与修复策略。
Birds are important indicator species that reflect urban ecological health status and effectiveness of ecological restoration.The current ecological planning and restoration for Pearl River Delta in China lacks supports from bird ecology related data,leading to the quantitative knowledge gap on birds'habitat selection and movement mechanisms,thus posing challenges for the construction of bird-friendly cities.Taking Hong Kong as the study area,by analyzing eBird data before and during the COVID-19 pandemic,we revealed four major responding mechanisms of local birds when the dramatic pandemic-triggered decrease in human mobility occurred using Shannon index and maximum entropy model:(1)the standard deviation(25.68)of overall bird diversity during breeding season was apparently higher than performances throughout the whole year(15.25)and during overwintering season(12.43),which indicated a higher level of sensitivity to changes in human mobility;(2)the overall bird diversity was high and stable in northern districts,and medium and fluctuated seasonally in central and southern districts,low and fluctuated markedly in core urban districts;(3)the increases no less than 24%in distribution probabilities of the dominant land bird and waterbird species,compared with pre-pandemic situations,mainly occurred in land cover types including grassland,agricultural land,woodland,shrubland,and rural settlement;(4)agricultural land was the only land cover type whose area proportions within 500 m×500 m quadrats were positively correlated with averaged increases in distribution probabilities of the dominant land bird(r=0.25)and waterbird species(r=0.049).Based on the above results,we suggest cities within the Pearl River Delta to generate pertinent schemes for ecological planning and restoration by considering the characteristics of local bird ecology,including seasonal fluctuations,species compositions,and covers.
作者
田北辰
农昀
黄啸
谢燕华
TIAN Beichen;NONG Yun;HUANG Xiao;XIE Yanhua(Zhuhai In-stitute of Urban Planning and Design,Zhuhai 519099,China;Department of Geosciences,University of Arkansas,Fayetteville 72701,USA;Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment,Nelson Institute,Madison 53726,USA)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期1155-1166,共12页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)项目(SML2020SP011)资助。
关键词
鸟类
时空格局
生态规划
生态修复
eBird
birds
spatiotemporal pattern
ecological planning
ecological restoration
eBird
