摘要
针对当前设施黄瓜生产中化肥用量过多造成的土壤环境变劣、黄瓜产量和品质下降等问题,本研究以‘津优35号’黄瓜为试材,研究腐熟玉米秸秆对日光温室黄瓜根区土壤环境及其产量和品质的影响。试验设3个处理,分别为腐熟玉米秸秆与化肥配施(T_(1),总施氮量450 kg N·hm^(-2),其中9000 kg·hm^(-2)腐熟玉米秸秆作基肥,其余部分用化肥补充)、单施化肥(T_(2),总施氮量与T_(1)相同)和不施肥对照(CK)。结果表明:连续种植2茬后,T_(1)处理的土壤有机质含量显著增加,T_(2)与对照差异不显著;T_(1)和T_(2)处理的碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于对照。T_(1)处理黄瓜根区土壤容重显著低于T_(2)和对照,而孔隙度和呼吸速率显著高于T_(2)和对照,电导率虽然高于对照,但与T_(2)相比显著降低,pH与T_(2)和对照差异不显著。黄瓜根际土壤中的细菌和放线菌数量以T_(1)最多,对照最低,而真菌数量以T_(2)最多。T_(1)处理的根际土壤酶活性均显著高于对照,而T_(2)处理显著低于对照或与对照差异不显著。T_(1)处理的黄瓜根系干重和根系活力均显著高于对照,产量比对照增加10.1%,产品品质明显提高;T_(2)处理的根系活力也显著高于对照,但根系生长量和产量与对照差异不显著,与T_(1)相比产品品质有所下降。可见,腐熟玉米秸秆与化肥配施可改良设施土壤环境,促进黄瓜根系生长,增强根系活力,提高产量和品质,可在生产中推广应用。
Aiming at solving the problems of soil environment deterioration and the decline of both yield and quality caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer,we investigated the effects of rotted corn straw on the soil environment of root zone,yield and quality of cucumber with‘Jinyou 35’cucumber as the experimental material.There were three treatments,namely,combined application of rotted corn straw and chemical fertilizer(T_(1),the total nitrogen fertilizer application were 450 kg N·hm^(-2),of which 9000 kg·hm^(-2) rotted corn straw was used as the subsoil fertilizer,and the rest was supplemented with chemical fertilizer),pure chemical fertilizer(T_(2),the total nitrogen fertilizer application was the same as T_(1))and no fertilization(control).The results showed that the content of soil organic matter in root zone soil in T_(1) treatment was much higher,but no difference between T_(2) treatment and the control,after two continuous plantings in one year.The concentrations of soil alkaline nitrogen,available phos⁃phorus,available potassium of T_(1) and T_(2) in cucumber root zone were higher than that in the control.T_(1) treatment had lower bulk density,but markedly higher porosity and respiratory rate than T_(2) treatment and the control in root zone soil.The electric conductivity of T_(1) treatment was higher than that of the control,but significantly lower than T_(2) treatment.There was no significant difference in pH among the three treatments.The quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes in cucumber rhizosphere soil were the highest in T_(1),and the lowest in the control.However,the high⁃est quantity of fungi was found in T_(2).The enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil in T_(1) treatment were markedly higher than those of the control,whereas those of T_(2) treatment were significantly lower or had no significant difference rela⁃tive to the control.The cucumber root dry weight and root activity of T_(1) were significantly higher than that of the control.The yield of T_(1) treatment increased by 10.1%,and fruit quality improved obviously.The root activity of T_(2) treatment was also significantly higher than that in the control.There was no significant difference in root dry weight and yield between T_(2) treatment and the control.Furthermore,T_(2) treatment revealed a decrease in fruit quality rela⁃tive to T_(1) treatment.These results suggested that the combined application of rotted corn straw and chemical fertilizer could improve soil environment,promote root growth,enhance root activity and improve yield and quality of cucum⁃ber in solar⁃greenhouse,which could be popularized and applied in protected cucumber production.
作者
张晓伟
杨显贺
车豪杰
秦竞
毕焕改
艾希珍
ZHANG Xiaowei;YANG Xianhe;CHE Haojie;QIN Jing;BI Huangai;AI Xizhen(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region,Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Zoucheng Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Zoucheng 273500,Shandong,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Chengyang District in Qingdao,Qingdao 266109,Shandong,China;Zaozhuang Agricultural and Agricultural Machinery Technology Extension Center,Zaozhuang 277800,Shandong,China)
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期1290-1296,共7页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010715)
山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(SDAIT-05-10)资助。
关键词
腐熟秸秆
有机质
土壤理化性质
土壤微生物群落
根系活力
产量
黄瓜
rotted straw
organic matter
soil physical and chemical property
soil microbial community
root activity
yield
cucumber
