摘要
因合作模式与机制问题,新型农业经营主体对小农户发展的带动作用并不理想。以福建安溪铁观音茶文化系统的茶产业为案例,使用深度访谈和文献研究获取数据,采用交易费用理论分析安溪四类茶产业新型经营主体与农户合作模式选择成因。研究表明:新型农业经营主体与小农户合作通过稳定茶叶原料数量和品质的供应,可减少市场端和供应端的交易费用来获得稳定收益;企业负责人领办的农民合作社经营管理更有效,可实现多方共赢;产业基础、发展定位和资源基础影响新型农业经营主体与农户合作模式的选择,导致一地多模式现象;有效监督机制是保证其与农户长期合作共赢的关键;选择合适模式和机制与农民合作,可助其有效推动农业文化遗产保护。
With the development of industrialization and urbanization,the production mode of small farmers has been unable to adapt to the demands and transaction traits of the large market,which has hindered the sustainable development of agriculture and the continual increase of farmers'income.Therefore,the central government of China made a series of policies to encourage the development of new agricultural management systems and cultivate new types of agribusiness(NTA)to promote the development of small-scale agriculture and the income improvement of small farmers.However,in reality,due to problems in the cooperation mode and mechanism,many NTA companies failed to play a leading role in improving incomes of small farmers.Relevant research needs to be strengthened.Taking the tea industry of the Anxi Tieguanyin Tea Culture system,the Globally Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage,as an example,this study used in-depth interviews and literature research to obtain relevant data and analyzed the four types of cooperation modes between NTA and small farmers related to tea industries in Anxi county to reveal the reasons for the choice of cooperation mode done by NTA based on transaction cost theory.The results show that the NTA can reduce the transaction costs at the market side and the supply side depending on stabilizing the supply of tea raw material quantity and quality by cooperating with small farmers.The cooperatives set up by the principal person of enterprises have a higher management efficiency,which can realize multilateral win-win situation.Industrial bases,development orientation and resource bases are all important factors that influence NTA's cooperation mode choices between them and farmers,leading to the phenomenon of multiple modes existing in one place.Effective supervision mechanism is the key to ensure long-term win-win cooperation between NTA and small farmers.In Anxi,NTA established a supervision mechanism between enterprises,cooperatives,farmer members or different households,and the reward-punishment mechanism,which is a reward for conscientious performance and a social punishment for breach of contract to achieve a long-term cooperation among them.The NTA can effectively promote the protection of important agricultural heritage systems by choosing appropriate mode and mechanism to cooperate with farmers.
作者
张永勋
李先德
张长水
ZHANG Yong-xun;LI Xian-de;ZHANG Chang-shui(Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development,CAAS,Beijing 100081,China;Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Anxi County,Anxi 362499,Fujian,China)
出处
《自然资源学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期1150-1163,共14页
Journal of Natural Resources
基金
中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(10-IAED-04-2023,10-IAED-ZD-02-2023)。
关键词
交易费用
新型农业经营主体
合作模式
农业文化遗产
安溪铁观音
transaction cost
new types of agribusiness
cooperation model
agricultural heri-tage systems
Anxi Tieguanyin
