摘要
基础研究本质上说是一个科技政策概念,源头是科学,基本属性被认为是纯科学,但是其最初使用却具有强烈的应用倾向。从“纯科学”“应用科学”二分法对应转变为“基础研究”“应用研究”二分法是科技政策意义上的语义转化,也是基础研究概念向纯科学的回归。虽然布什的思想不断受到挑战,基础研究判断标准更加多元化,范围不断扩大,更多人认为基础研究、应用研究、技术开发的关系像一个生态系统,但是线性模型并没有被完全颠覆。长期以来,我国基础研究的应用导向更加明显,应用基础研究等本应属于应用研究范畴的概念也很早被引入政策实践。“自由探索类基础研究”和“目标导向类基础研究”两分法的提出标志着我国在法律上正式将应用基础研究纳入基础研究范畴。新发展阶段,我国基础研究需要坚持“两条腿走路”,在强化国家战略需求、提升基础研究组织效率的基础上,要重视和加强对自由探索类基础研究的支持。
Basic research is essentially a science and technology policy concept,the source is science,the basic attribute is pure science,but its initial use has a strong tendency of application.The formal shift from the dichotomy of"Pure science"and"Applied science"to the dichotomy of"Basic research"and"Applied research"is a semantic shift in the sense of science and technology policy and a return to pure science,completed in the United States after World War II.Although Bush's thinking has been challenged,the criteria for judging basic research have become more diverse and broadened,and the relationship between basic research,applied research and technological development has become more and more seen as an ecosystem,but the linear model has not been fundamentally overturned.For a long time,the orientation of basic research in China is more applicaton-oriented.The concept of applied basic research,which belongs to applied research,has been introduced into policy practice.The proposition of"Freeexploration basic research"and"Goal-oriented basic research"indicates that China formally brings applied basic research into the scope of basic research.In the new era,basic research in our country needs to adhere to the"Two-legged walk,on the basis of improving the efficiency of organized basic research,constantly strengthen the support of free-exploration basic research.
出处
《学术前沿》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第9期36-43,共8页
Frontiers
基金
科技部研究任务“基础研究规律与工作体系研究”的阶段性成果。
关键词
基础研究
纯科学
应用基础研究
自由探索
目标导向
basic research
pure science
applied basic research
Free-exploration
Goal-oriented
