摘要
为明确北方晚熟马铃薯品种的同化特性和产量形成机制,为高产马铃薯品种选育和推广提供理论依据。采用大田种植方法,以中早熟品种‘华渝5号’为对照,测定了6个典型晚熟品种马铃薯的光合指标和生物量积累指标,分析其同化特性、植株发育以及产量形成之间的相关性。结果表明,晚熟品种马铃薯的地上部营养结构在出苗后50 d的盛花期完成70%以上的干物质积累和80%以上的鲜重积累,晚熟品种马铃薯的最终产量与苗期净光合速率、盛花期净光合速率以及盛花期地上鲜重均显著相关。表明晚熟品种马铃薯苗期的同化效率会影响其最终地上部营养结构的总体量,进而对最终产量造成影响。因此高产品种需要在苗期具备较高的同化活性,并且在花期之前尽快建立繁茂的营养结构,才能获得高产。
To clarify the assimilation characteristics and yield formation mechanism of late-maturing potato varieties of northern China and provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and promotion of high-yielding potato varieties,the photosynthetic indexes and biomass accumulation indexes of 6 typical late-maturing potato varieties were determined by field planting method with‘Huayu 5’as control,and the correlation among assimilation characteristics,plant development and yield formation were analyzed.The results showed that more than 70%of dry matter accumulation and more than 80%of fresh weight accumulation in the aboveground nutrient structure of late-maturing potato varieties were completed at the full-bloom stage,while more than 68%of dry matter accumulation and 60%of fresh weight accumulation in the underground tubers of late-maturing varieties were completed from the full-bloom stage to the later stage.The final yield of latematuring potato varieties was significantly correlated with net photosynthetic rate at seedling stage and net photosynthetic rate at full flowering stage,with correlation coefficients of 0.892 and 0.886,respectively.In addition,the final yield was very significantly correlated with the aboveground fresh weight at the flowering stage,and the correlation coefficient reached 0.951.This indicated that the assimilation efficiency at the seedling stage would affect the overall amount of its final aboveground nutrient structure,which in turn could affect the final yield.Therefore,late-maturing potato varieties need to have higher assimilation activity at the seedling stage and establish luxuriant nutritional structure as soon as possible before flowering to obtain higher yield.
作者
赵冀
聂碧华
方爱国
籍立杰
张瑞玖
李双东
王莉红
马恢
ZHAO Ji;NIE Bihua;FANG Aiguo;JI Lijie;ZHANG Ruijiu;LI Shuangdong;WANG Lihong;MA Hui(Zhangjiakou Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000;Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2023年第15期30-38,共9页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
科技部十三五国家重点科技项目“茄科蔬菜优质多抗适应性强新品种培育”(2017YFD0101906)
农业农村部“国家马铃薯产业技术体系张家口综合试验站”(CARS-09-ES01)
河北省科技厅科技支撑项目“马铃薯优质、抗旱鲜食型种质资源与育种技术创新及应用”(17226323D)
河北省科技厅科技支撑项目“杂粮优质多抗特异种质资源创新及高效育种技术研究”(16227508D-9)。
关键词
马铃薯
同化特性
产量形成
光合特性
生物量积累
potato
assimilation characteristics
yield formation
photosynthetic characteristics
biomass accumulation
