摘要
东西向横穿中国中部的昆仑—秦岭巨型构造系使得我国自然环境产生了巨大的南北分异,但目前对于中国南北分界线的位置和南北过渡带范围的划分仍存在争议。本文对秦巴山地和江淮地区的自然地理结构与范围进行了深入的分析,从而确定了中国南北过渡带的范围和性质。研究表明,中国南北过渡带由西部的秦岭—大巴山系和东部的江淮低山平原两部分组成,以地带性的常绿落叶阔叶混交林为主要标志,与之对应的主要气候指标是最冷月均温0~4℃、极端最低气温为-10~-20℃;秦岭南坡下部常绿阔叶树种的出现不是亚热带开始的标志,而是南北植物交错区的开始或者严格意义上南北过渡的开始;江淮地区具有明显的夏季高温、冬季低温的特点,冬季气候指标比夏季温度指标更具控制作用;秦巴山地的存在和江淮地区冬季低温是我国南北过渡带形成的主要原因,从而发育了长约1750 km、平均宽度400 km、面积约70万km2的中国南北过渡带。南北过渡带的概念比南北分界线和北亚热带的提法更能够反映秦巴山地和江淮地区的自然地理特点,也更能体现我国自然地理格局的独特性质,对于认识中国地域系统结构与功能具有更重要的科学意义。
The east-west extending Kunlun-Qinling tectonic system in central China has a major environmental effect of dividing China into northern and southern parts,but there is still controversy over the location of the north-south dividing line and the boundary of the north-south transitional zone in China.Therefore,this paper presented an indepth analysis of the geographic structure and extent of the Qinling-Daba Mountains and the Huaihe-Yangzte Plains to determine the scope and properties of the north-south transition zone in China.The study showed that the north-south transition zone in China consisted of the Qinling-Daba Mountains in the west and the Huaihe-Yangzte Plains in the east,and was typically characterized by zonal evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests,corresponding to the coldest monthly average temperature of 0℃~4℃and extreme minimum temperature of-10℃~-20℃.The appearance of evergreen broadleaved trees in the lower parts of the southern flank of the Qinling Mts.did not mean the starting of a subtropical zone,but the starting of the so-called"north-south transitional zone"in a narrow sense.The Huaihe-Yangtze Plain had obvious characteristics of high summer temperatures and low winter temperatures,and winter climate indicators were more controlling than summer temperature indicators.The existence of the Qinling-Daba Mountains and relatively very low winter temperature were responsible for the formation of the north-south transitional zone of China,thus developing a large transitional area of about 700000 km2 with an east-west length of 1750 km and an average width of 400 km.Compared with such terms as north-south dividing line or boundary belt,the concept of the north-south transitional zone can reflect the physio-geographic feature of the Qinling-Daba Mountains and the Huaihe-Yangzte Plains,can embody the uniqueness of the physio-geographic pattern of China,and can more significantly promote the understanding of China's geographical structure and function.
作者
张百平
姚永慧
刘俊杰
李佳宇
蒋娅
高美荣
查小春
ZHANG Baiping;YAO Yonghui;LIU Junjie;LI Jiayu;JIANG Ya;GAO Meirong;ZHA Xiaochun(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,Chengdu 610041,China;Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062,China)
出处
《自然保护地》
CSCD
2023年第2期1-11,共11页
Natural Protected Areas
基金
国家科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY100900)。
关键词
中国南北分界线
中国南北过渡带
秦巴山地
常绿落叶阔叶混交林
最冷月均温
China's north-south dividing line
China's north-south transitional zone
the Qinling-Daba Mountains
evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest
average temperature of the coldest month
