摘要
作为一种典型的数字基础设施,宽带的建设和普及具有普遍的居民增收效应,但由于“数字鸿沟”的存在以及“数字红利”的差异,其对城镇居民和农村居民的增收效应存在差异,进而会对城乡收入差距产生影响。利用2012—2020年290个地级及以上城市的数据,采用多期DID固定效应模型分析“宽带中国”示范城市建设对城乡居民收入及其差距的影响,结果发现:“宽带中国”示范城市建设同时促进了城镇和农村居民的收入增长,但对农村居民的增收效应较小且滞后,因而不利于城乡收入差距的缩小;“宽带中国”示范城市建设可以通过差异化的就业效应(促进高技术行业就业、挤压低技术行业就业)产生城乡收入差距扩大效应,这种城乡收入差距扩大效应会随着城乡融合发展(城市群建设)而减小,随着数字经济渗透度提高(产业结构高级化)而增强。导致城乡居民收入差距拉大的最根本原因还是城乡差距,尤其是“宽带鸿沟”和“数字鸿沟”使农村居民获得的“宽带红利”和“数字红利”较小。因此,应通过城乡融合发展减小和消除和“数字鸿沟”,进而缩小城乡收入差距。
In the context of digitalization,intelligence,networking,and platform of social economy,countries around the world attach great importance to the development of broadband networks and have introduced policies to develop their broadbands.China implemented the“Broadband China”demonstration city construction policy in 2014.The implementation of the national broadband strategy will lead to the continuous upgrading of the social economy,which will play a role in the national economy and people’s livelihood.One specific manifestation is that as a public infrastructure,broadband will inevitably affect the income gap between urban and rural residents,thereby affecting the income gap between urban and rural residents.There have been studies on the impact of“Broadband China”demonstration city policies on urban-rural income inequality,but there are issues such as inconsistent conclusions and a lack of analysis of mechanism paths.Based on the China panel data of prefecture-level cities from 2012 to 2020,this study took the construction of“Broadband China”demonstration cities as a quasi-natural experiment,and used the multi-period DID fixed effect model to empirically analyze the policy impact of the construction of“Broadband China”demonstration cities on the income and the gap between urban and rural residents.The study draws conclusions as follows:(1)at this stage,the implementation effect of“Broadband China”demonstration city construction in rural areas lags behind that in cities;(2)the impact of the construction of the“Broadband China”demonstration city on the income of urban and rural residents varies according to whether they belong to the urban agglomeration,and the proportion of the tertiary industry;(3)with skill-oriented technological progress,the construction of“Broadband China”demonstration cities has widened the income gap between urban and rural areas by promoting the employment of high-skilled industries and squeezing the employment of low-skilled industries.Compared with previous literature,this paper expands on the following two aspects:(1)the research in this paper supplements Chinese evidence and enriches the existing literature on how digital infrastructure construction affects the income of urban and rural residents;(2)this paper verifies the employment effect path of the construction of“Broadband China”demonstration cities on the income gap between urban and rural residents,and expands the research on the impact mechanism of digital infrastructure on the income gap between urban and rural residents.This study examines the policy effectiveness of promoting digital infrastructure construction in China.On the one hand,it can provide policy reference for China’s next step in developing new infrastructure and promoting the integration of urban and rural infrastructure construction;on the other hand,it can help other developing countries develop the digital economy,bridge the digital divide with developed countries,and narrow the income gap,providing Chinese wisdom and solutions.
作者
侯瑜
袁鹏妞
HOU Yu;YUAN Peng-niu(Economic and Social Development Research Institute,Dongbei University of Finance and Economics,Dalian 116023,Liaoning,China)
出处
《西部论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第2期96-110,共15页
West Forum
基金
辽宁省科学事业公益研究基金项目(软科学研究计划)(2023JH4/10600016)
辽宁省经济运行与财政政策研究基地项目(PT-Y202228)。
