标记性及概念表征对汉语双及物结构习得的影响——以韩语母语者为例

Markedness and Notion Representation's Effects on Acquiring Chinese Ditransitive Constructions:Taking Korean Native Speakers as An Example

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摘要标记性及概念表征影响韩语母语者习得汉语给予类双及物结构。汉语、韩语分属不同的双及物类型,汉语为IOC/DOC型语言,韩语为IOC型语言,两种语言在双及物论元的与事R和客体T的语序、与格式的象似性、重成分的后置等方面均呈现出差异性。基于584个汉语双及物及相关句式、韩汉翻译测试语料发现,韩语母语者压倒式地输出与汉语双及物相关的介宾状语式“A给RVT”,而双及物结构的无标记句式“AVT给R”则极少,处于未激活状态;对汉语有标记的双宾式,其习得局限在原型双宾式“A给RT”上,使用频率仅次于“A给RVT”,偏误率高。究其母语根源,韩语与格式的无标记特征及语序、与格式的谓语动词“■(给/给予)”的对象表征、与事标记“■”的对象表征,均对汉语双及物结构习得产生较大的迁移作用。汉语二语语法习得研究与类型学紧密结合,引入认知类型学理念,一定能推进国际中文教学的深度发展。 Markedness and notion representation have influence on Korean speakers acquiring Chinese ditransitive constructions of“Giving”type.Chinese and Korean are different types in ditransitive constructions.Chinese is IOC/DOC type language,while Korean is IOC type language,so they have many differences in the order of dative R and theme T,the iconicity of dative construction,the postposition of heavy constituents and so on.According 584 sentences of Chinese ditransitive construction and their Korean transformation test,Korean native speakers overwhelmingly construct“A giving RVT”which is a prepositional objective modifier correlating to Chinese ditransitive constructions,while the unmarked ditransitive constructions“AVT giving R”are rare and in inactivated position;As for the marked Chinese ditransitive constructions,Korean native speakers'acquisitions are confined to prototype“A giving RT”with high frequency of utilization which is lower than“A giving RVT”but with high bias errors.Probing its native language causes,many characteristics of Korean have transfer influences on native speakers acquiring Chinese ditransitive constructions,they include the unmarked features of Korean dative constructions and their order、the referent representation of the predicate“■(give/give to)”of dative constructions、the referent representation of dative marker“■”.Chinese as second language,its grammar acquisition study should correlate with language typology tightly.Especially with the introducing of cognitive typology conception,it can promote the international Chinese education further.

作者黄玉花王艺林 HUANG Yu-hua;WANG Yi-lin

机构地区吉林大学文学院

出处《吉林大学社会科学学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第3期144-156,238,239,共15页 Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基金国家社会科学基金项目(17BYY167) 吉林省社会科学基金重点项目(2022A7) 吉林大学哲学社会科学研究重大课题培育项目(2020ZDPY06)。

关键词对外汉语教学汉语习得韩语母语者给予类双及物结构类型差异表征特征迁移 teaching Chinese as a foreign language Chinese acquisition Korean native speakers ditransitive constructions of“giving”type typology differences representation features transfer

分类号 H195.3 [语言文字—汉语]