摘要
为探明龙岩烟区有效磷含量较丰富植烟土壤上适宜的磷钾施用比例,采用田间试验,在氮肥用量8.5 kg/666.7 m^(2)条件下,设计了磷肥3水平(P9、P7、P5,P_(2)O_(5)施用量分别为7.65、5.95、4.25 kg/666.7 m^(2))和钾肥3水平(K21、K18、K15,K2O施用量分别为17.85、15.30、12.75 kg/666.7 m^(2))的不同配比处理,以目前生产中配比P9K21为对照,研究了不同磷钾配比对烤烟生长发育和产质量的影响。结果表明,P7K18、P7K21处理综合农艺性状较好,株高显著高于P9K18、P7K15、P5K15处理,P7K21处理有效叶数显著高于P9K18、P5K18、P5K15。各处理间均价和中上等烟比例无明显差异,但P7K18、P7K21的产量、产值均最高,P9水平各处理烤烟产值显著低于施磷量为P5、P7的各处理,P5水平各处理上等烟比例均较高。各处理下部叶总氮含量及氮碱比偏高,上、中、下部烟叶总糖、总钾含量基本适宜。P7K18处理的上部烟叶烟碱、总糖、还原糖含量均在适宜范围,糖碱比、氮碱比等化学成分较协调。综上,烤烟专用肥N、P_(2)O_(5)、K2O比例由10∶9∶21调整为10∶7∶18,P_(2)O_(5)施用量由7.65 kg/666.7 m^(2)调整为5.95 kg/666.7 m^(2),K2O施用量由17.85 kg/666.7 m^(2)调整为15.30 kg/666.7 m^(2),烟株生长较好,化学成分较协调,经济性状最优。
To determine the appropriate ratio of phosphorus and potassium application for tobacco soils with high available phosphorus content in the Longyan tobacco area,a field experiment was conducted including 3 levels of phosphorus fertilizer(P9,P7,P5,indicating P_(2)O_(5)application rate of 7.65,5.95,4.25 kg/666.7 m^(2),respectively)and 3 levels of potassium fertilizer(K21,K18,K15,indicating K2O application rate of 17.85,15.30,12.75 kg/666.7 m^(2),respectively).The nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 8.5 kg/666.7 m^(2)in all treatments,and P9K21 was treated as the control.The results showed that P7K18 and P7K21 had better comprehensive agronomy traits,of which the plant height were significantly higher than that of P9K18,P7K15,P5K15 treatment,and the effective leaf number of P7K21 was significantly higher than that of P9K18,P5K18,P5K15.There was no significant difference in the average price and the proportion of middle and upper grade tobacco among all treatments,but the yield and output value of P7K18 and P7K21 were the highest.Furthermore,the output value of P9 level was significantly lower and the upper grade tobacco proportion of P5 level was relatively higher among three phosphorus fertilizer treatments.The total nitrogen content and nitrogen–alkaloid ratio were relatively high in lower tobacco leaves,and the content of total sugar and total potassium were appropriate in the upper,middle and lower tobacco leaves.For P7K18 treatment,the nicotine,total sugar and reducing sugar contents of the upper leaves were in the suitable range,and the sugar-alkaloid ratio and nitrogen-alkaloid ratio were well coordinated.In conclusion,as the ratio of N,P_(2)O_(5),and K2O in tobacco special fertilizer was adjusted from 10:9:21 to 10:7:18,indicating P_(2)O_(5)application reduced from 7.65 kg/666.7 m^(2)to 5.95 kg/666.7 m^(2),and K2O application reduced from 17.85 kg/666.7 m^(2)to 15.30 kg/666.7 m^(2)with the nitrogen fertilizer applied at 8.5 kg/666.7 m^(2),the tobacco in Longyan area could get better tobacco plant growth,more harmonious chemical composition and the optimal economic character.
作者
蒋代兵
卢彬荣
李明
吴树松
李钦书
周道金
廖学文
曾文龙
JIANG Daibing;LU Binrong;LI Ming;WU Shusong;LI Qinshu;ZHOU Daojin;LIAO Xuewen;ZENG Wenlong(Fujian Tobacco Company Longyan Branch,Longyan,Fujian 364000,China;College of Resources and Environment,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)
出处
《中国烟草科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期22-26,共5页
Chinese Tobacco Science
基金
福建省烟草公司龙岩市公司科研项目[岩烟司(2020)16号]。
关键词
烤烟
专用肥
磷钾配比
烟叶质量
flue-cured tobacco
specific fertilizer
phosphorus and potassium ratio
tobacco quality
