摘要
为了挖掘个人因素(人格特质和事故经历)在施工现场安全管理中的作用、提升现有安全管理的有效性,提出一种个性化的安全管理方法。基于认知模型、大五人格理论,通过533份有效建筑工人数据,利用统计分析讨论将个人因素纳入安全管理的必要性、人格特质在不安全行为中的作用以及其应用于现场安全管理中的适用性。结果表明:事故经历影响工人的冒险倾向;高冒险倾向和高不安全行为意图的工人均具有低宜人性和尽责性与高开放性和外倾性的特点;开放性、外倾性和宜人性在冒险倾向与不安全行为意图的关系中具有显著的调节作用;利用人格特质可以有效判别不安全行为意图。最后,研究还提出了将人格特质应用于安全指导和安全培训的改进方案。
This paper intends to investigate the role of individual factors(personality traits and injury experience)on construction workers'unsafe behaviors and find out a way to incorporate them into improving the effectiveness of current on-site safety management.For the given purpose,three steps have been conducted.Firstly,the hypothesis on the relationship between injury experience and risk propensity was made based on the cognitive psychology and big-five theory,as well as the moderating effects of personality traits(OCEAN)on the route of risk propensity leading to unsafe acts.Secondly,the method of constructing a discriminant tool using personality traits to identify the level of unsafe behavior intentions was studied.Lastly,the results of the analysis were applied to design a personalized safety management program involving safety instruction and safety training.533 valid data on injury experience,personality traits,risk propensity,and unsafe behavior intention were found in the previous social survey.The data were grouped in terms of risk propensity and behavior intention based on the cumulative probability distribution.Through the ANOVA analysis,it has been found that there is a significant difference in risk propensity between the workers with injury experience and the workers without injury experience.The worker with a high-risk propensity or unsafe behavior intention has been found to have the common characteristics of low agreeableness and conscientiousness,and high openness and extraversion.Openness,extraversion,and agreeableness were found to be mediators in the relationship between risk propensity and unsafe behavior intention through the moderating analysis.Moreover,the former two have positive effects and the latter has a negative effect.Besides,it has been found that the unsafe behavior intention can be identified by personality traits through the discriminant analysis.Thus,it can be concluded that personality traits are the indicators of unsafe behavior intention and should be considered in safety practice.With the help of technologies such as IoT and wearable sensors,the contents and delivery method design of safety instruction can take personality traits into account,as well as the contents and intensity setting of safety training,to obtain the personalization of construction safety management.
作者
胡喆
胡昊
徐峰
王文
HU Zhe;HU Hao;XU Feng;WANG Wen(Institute of Engineering Management,School of Naval Architecture,Ocean&Civil Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期1194-1201,共8页
Journal of Safety and Environment
关键词
安全社会工程
建筑工人
人格特质
不安全行为
个性化
safety social engineering
construction worker
personality traits
unsafe behavior
personalization
