摘要
为了探究灭火的环境污染,开展了特高压变压器水成膜泡沫全尺寸灭火试验,采集大气、水体及土壤样品进行分析。首先,利用气体分析仪测得灭火瞬间CO、SO和NO2的体积分数远超标准阈值,同时使用气相色谱/质谱联用仪发现大气中存在氟碳表面活性剂和轻质支链烷烃等。通过液相萃取-气相色谱/质谱试验,测定水体内的有机污染物主要为乙二醇单丁醚、二乙二醇丁醚和重质正构烷烃。X射线荧光光谱仪检测出灭火后土壤中铜元素明显提升,热脱附-气相色谱/质谱测定土壤中的有机成分主要是未充分燃烧的变压器油和本该存在于烟气中的的4-乙基邻二甲苯和1,3-二甲基-4-乙基苯。这些研究对水成膜泡沫灭火的环境污染治理、灾后评估和灭火剂的改良具有一定指导意义。
In this study, full-scale fire extinguishing experiments of ultra-high voltage transformers were carried out by aqueous film-forming foam. Gas, water, and soil samples surrounding the experimental site were collected to study the pollution of the fire extinguishing process. First, when the gas composition analyzer was used to measure the combustion of the transformer, the concentration of CO and SO_(2) exceeded the maximum allowable value of GB 3095-2012 “Ambient Air Quality Standard” and 29CFR1910 “American Occupational Health and Safety Standard”, while the mass concentrations of CO, SO and NO_(2) increased rapidly at the moment of fire extinguishing, far exceeding the standard thresholds. Besides, the presence of fluorocarbon surfactants and light-branched alkanes in the atmosphere using GC/MS were found to be an environmental risk. The organic contaminants in the water were determined by liquid phase extraction and GC/MS to mainly contain ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and diethylene glycol butyl ether, the solvent components of aqueous film-forming foams, and heavy n-alkanes from under-burned transformer oil. Further, the acidity, heavy metals and organic components of the soil were tested and it was found that the pH of the soil did not change much after the fire extinguishing, which complied with GB 15618-2018 “Soil Environmental Quality Soil Contamination Risk Control Standards for Agricultural Land”. The mass concentration of heavy metal elements did not change much, but the concentration of Cu increased significantly, which was 2.2 times as much as before. The organic constituents in the soil were mainly underburned transformer oils including n-alkanes, branched alkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as decahydronaphthalene as a lubricant and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol as an antioxidant, and even 4-ethyl-o-xylene and 1,3-dimethyl-4-ethylbenzene which should have existed in the flue gas appeared. These studies have certain guiding significance for environmental pollution control, post-disaster assessment, and improvement of fire extinguishing agents of fire extinguishing using aqueous film foam.
作者
张佳庆
尚峰举
谢凯
徐媛媛
过羿
ZHANG Jia-qing;SHANG Feng-ju;XIE Kai;XU Yuanyuan;GUO Yi(State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Electric Fire and Safety Protection(State Grid Laboratory of Fire Protection for Transmission and Distribution Facilities),Hefei 230601,China;School of Safety Science and Emergency Management,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期1288-1298,共11页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
国网安徽电力科技项目(521205190020)。
关键词
环境工程学
区域环境污染
水成膜泡沫
特高压变压器
全尺寸实物试验
environmental engineering
regional environmental pollution
aqueous film forming foam
ultra-high voltage transformer
full scale physical test
