摘要
为了掌握定安猪保种及改良现状,笔者对海南省庆平定安原种猪保种场进行了定安猪种猪保种及改良现状调查,保种方面包括定安猪保种概况、保种实施方案、保种防疫措施,改良现状方面以杜洛克猪(♂)×定安猪(♀)杂交所生的二元定安黑猪和杜洛克猪(♂)×二元定安黑猪(♀)杂交所生的三元定安黑猪为试验对象,分析改良对定安猪繁殖性能、生长发育、毛色的影响。结果表明:截至2020年年末,该保种场年生猪存栏量约为35390头,包括30头公猪、3000头母猪、7500头仔猪、24860头生长育肥猪;该保种场采取各家系等数量留种,并且繁殖世代间距为3.5~4.0年;选种采取2月龄初选、4月龄中选和6月龄终选方法;保种防疫措施包括消毒管理和无害化处理。杜洛克猪(♂)×二元定安黑猪(♀)的总产仔数为10.74头/窝,健仔数为10.47头/窝,初生单窝重为13.42 kg,断奶单窝数为10.25头,断奶单窝重为50.80 kg,其中总产仔数显著高于杜洛克猪(♂)×安定猪(♀,P<0.05),健仔数、初生单窝重、断奶单窝数、断奶单窝重均极显著高于杜洛克猪(♂)×定安猪(♀,P<0.01)。杜洛克猪(♂)×二元定安黑猪(♀)的仔猪弱仔数低于杜洛克猪(♂)×定安猪(♀,P>0.05),仔猪死胎数极显著低于杜洛克猪(♂)×定安猪(♀,P<0.01),仔猪木乃伊数显著低于杜洛克猪(♂)×定安猪(♀,P<0.05)。杜洛克猪(♂)×定安猪(♀)和杜洛克猪(♂)×二元定安黑猪(♀)的总产仔数与健仔数、初生单窝重、断奶单窝数、断奶单窝重、仔猪弱仔数,健仔数与初生单窝重、断奶单窝数、断奶单窝重,初生单窝重与断奶单窝数、断奶单窝重,断奶单窝数与断奶单窝重指标均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。杜洛克猪(♂)×定安猪(♀)的断奶单窝数和断奶单窝重均与仔猪木乃伊数呈显著负相关(P<0.05),而杜洛克猪(♂)×二元定安黑猪(♀)的健仔数、初生单窝重、断奶单窝数、断奶单窝重与仔猪死胎数呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。三元定安黑猪比二元定安黑猪生长快,二元定安黑猪毛色均为黑色,三元定安黑猪毛色为黑色∶棕红色=(1.39±0.12)∶1。说明二元定安黑猪繁殖性能优于定安猪,但存在毛色分离现象,需进一步优化杂交组合模式,建议尝试二元定安黑猪(非同胞)之间连续杂交2代或3代,优化杂交组合。
In order to grasp the current status of breeding preservation and improvement of Ding'an pigs,the author conducted a survey on the status of breeding preservation and improvement of Ding'an pigs in the original breeding farm in Qingping,Hainan Province.Breeding preservation included the breeding overview,breeding implementation plan,breeding prevention measures of Ding'an pigs.In improvement status,binary Ding'an black pigs born from a Duroc pigs(♂)×Ding'an pigs(♀)cross and ternary Ding'an black pigs born from a Duroc pigs(♂)×binary Ding'an black pigs(♀)cross were selected as test subjects to analyse the effect of the improvement on the reproductive performance,growth and development and hair colour of Ding'an pigs.The results showed that by the end of 2020,the annual pig stock in the breeding farm was about 35390,including 30 boars,3000 sows,7500 piglets and 24860 fattening pigs.In the breeding farm,the equal numbers of species were retained by each line,and the interval of breeding generations was 3.5 to 4.0 years.The selection was conducted by primary election of 2 months,middle election of 4 months and final election of 6 months.Breeding prevention and epidemic prevention measures included disinfection management and harmless treatment.The total litter size was 10.74,the healthy litter size was 10.47,the weaning litter weight was 13.42 kg,the weaning litter size was 10.25,and the weaning litter weight was 50.80 kg in Duroc pigs(♂)×Ding'an black pigs(♀).The total litter size in Duroc pigs(♂)×Ding'an black pigs(♀)was significantly higher than that in the Duroc pigs(♂)×Ding'an pigs(♀,P<0.05),and the healthy litter size,the weaning litter weight,the weaning litter size,and the weaning litter weight were all very significantly higher than those in the Duroc pigs(♂)×Ding'an pigs(♀,P<0.01).The number of weak piglets in Duroc pigs(♂)×binary Ding'an black pigs(♀)was lower than those of Duroc pigs(♂)×Ding'an pigs(♀,P>0.05),the number of stillborn piglets was very significantly lower than those of Duroc pigs(♂)×Ding'an pigs(♀,P<0.01),and the number of mummified piglets was significantly lower than that of Duroc pigs(♂)×Ding'an pigs(♀,P<0.05).The total litter size in both Duroc pigs(♂)×Ding'an(♀)and Duroc pigs(♂)×binary Ding'an black pigs(♀)was significantly positively correlated with the number of healthy litters,single litter weight at birth,single litter weight at weaning,single litter weight at weaning,and number of weak piglets(P<0.01).The number of healthy piglets in both Duroc pigs(♂)×Ding'an(♀)and Duroc pigs(♂)×binary Ding'an black pigs(♀)was positively correlated with the single litter weight at birth,single litter number at weaning,and single litter weight at weaning.The single litter weight at birth in both Duroc pigs(♂)×Ding'an(♀)and Duroc pigs(♂)×binary Ding'an black pigs(♀)was positively correlated with the single litter number at weaning.The single litter number at weaning in both Duroc pigs(♂)×Ding'an(♀)and Duroc pigs(♂)×binary Ding'an black pigs(♀)was positively correlated with the single litter weight at weaning(P<0.01).Both the single litter number at weaning and the single litter weight at weaning were significantly negatively correlated with the number of piglet mummies in Ding'an pigs(P<0.05),while the number of healthy piglets,the single litter weight at birth,the single litter number at weaning and the single litter weight at weaning were significantly negatively correlated with the number of piglet stillbirths in binary Ding'an black pigs(P<0.01).The three-way crossbred Ding'an black pigs grow faster than the binary Ding'an black pigs.The hair colour of the binary Ding'an black pigs is black,and the hair colour of the three-way crossbred Ding'an black pigs is black:brownish red=(1.39±0.12)∶1.The results indicated that the reproductive performance in the binary Ding'an black pigs was better than that in the Ding'an pigs,but the phenomenon of hair colour separation existed,so the crossbreeding combination pattern should be further optimised.It is suggested to try to cross the binary Ding'an black pigs(not siblings)for 2 or 3 consecutive generations to optimize the crossbreeding combination.
作者
宋延霞
倪世恒
王峰
何帅涵
王余北
董柠其
方美英
SONG Yanxia;NI Shiheng;WANC Feng;HE Shuaihan;WANG Yubei;DONG Ningqi;FANG Meiying(Sanya Research Institute,China Agricultural University,Sanya 572000,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Hainan Provincial Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station,Haikou 571100,China;Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571100,China)
出处
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第10期63-67,共5页
Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine
基金
三亚崖州湾科技城海南专项博士研究生科学研究基金项目(HSPHDSRF-2022-05-009)
三亚崖州湾科技城管理局2020年度科技计划项目(SKJC-2020-02-007)。
关键词
定安猪
保种
改良
繁殖性能
生长性能
毛色
Ding'an pigs
breeding conservation
improvement
reproductive performance
growth performance
hair colour
