摘要
为了揭示台风前后海水池塘贝类养殖过程中浮游生物群落结构的变化,对养殖水体环境基因组DNA中16S和18S rRNA基因进行了高通量测序和生物信息学分析。结果显示,原核生物OTU数(28728)明显高于真核生物(8498),其中原核生物优势类群主要为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和绿菌门(Chlorobi)等;真核生物优势类群为纤毛虫、鞭毛虫、原绵虫、杯鞭虫、隐藻、棕鞭藻和硅藻等,其中硅藻丰度占比在台风后显著性增加(P<0.05)。台风过后真核生物多样性均未发生显著改变,原核生物Shannon指数和Simpson指数出现显著性差异(P<0.05),表现为先降低后升高,而OTU数和Chao I指数则未发生显著改变。PCoA分析显示,台风后原核和真核生物群落结构均产生时间异质性,但仅原核生物群落结构产生显著差异。ANOSIM显示,真核和原核微生物群落在台风前后均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中原核微生物每个时间点之间均有显著差异(P<0.05),而真核微生物仅在10d后出现显著差异(P<0.05)。RDA分析显示,水温对原核群落结构有显著影响(P<0.05),而化学需氧量和活性磷酸盐则对真核生物群落结构有显著影响(P<0.05)。研究表明,在台风扰动后,海水池塘浮游生物群落在短期内均发生了显著改变,原核生物群落改变大于真核生物,细菌群落多样性水平在先显著降低,后恢复至台风前水平,表现出相较于真核微生物更强的敏感性,且两者均未能恢复至台风前群落组成。因此,在海水池塘贝类养殖中应对台风影响的重点措施应主要放在防止养殖生物对环境剧变产生应激,并适当补充用于环境调节的益生菌制剂,以弥补台风造成的菌相改变可能带来的生态功能缺失。
In order to reveal the changes of plankton community structure during shellfish culture in seawater ponds before and after typhoon,16S and 18S rRNA genes in the genomic DNA of aquaculture water environment were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics.The results showed that the number of OTU in prokaryotes(28728)was significantly higher than that in eukaryotes(8498),and the dominant groups of prokaryotes were Proteobacteria,Cyanobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria and Chlorobi;the dominant groups of eukaryotes are ciliates,flagellates,protozoa,cup whipworms,cryptoalgae,Phaeoflagellates,diatoms,etc.,among which the diatom abundance increased significantly after typhoon(P<0.05).After the typhoon,biodiversity of eukaryotes did not change significantly,meanwhile the Shannon index and Simpson index of prokaryotes showed significant differences(P<0.05),which decreased in 5d and then increased with time,while the OTU number and Chao I index did not change significantly.The PCoA showed that the community structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms changed markedly after typhoon.ANOSIM showed that prokaryotic microbial communities were significantly different at each time point(P<0.05),while eukaryotic microbial communities significantly in 10d(P<0.05).Water temperature had a significant impact on prokaryotic community structure(P<0.05),while eukaryotic community was influenced by chemical oxygen demand and phosphat(P<0.05).The study suggested that after the typhoon disturbance,plankton communities markedly changed,prokaryotes was more sensitive than the eukaryotes.The diversity level of bacterial community decreased significantly at first,then returned to the level before typhoon,showing stronger sensitivity than that of eukaryote,and both of them failed to return to the community composition before typhoon.Therefore,the key measures to deal with the impact of typhoon in shellfish culture in seawater ponds should be mainly to prevent cultured organisms from causing stress to the drastic environmental changes,and to supply probiotics for environmental regulation appropriately,so as to make up for the loss of ecological functions possibly caused by the change of bacteria phase caused by typhoon.
作者
魏军丞
张翔
蔡逸龙
蔡景波
肖国强
WEI Jun-Cheng;ZHANG Xiang;CAI Yi-Long;CAI Jing-Bo;XIAO Guo-Qiang(Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bioresource,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding,Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute,Wenzhou 325005,China)
出处
《水生生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期1301-1312,共12页
Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica
基金
台州市重大农业科技“揭榜挂帅”研发攻关计划项目(NYJBGS202203)
浙江省重点研发计划(2019C02045)
温州市基础性农业科技项目(N20210021和KN20210008)
现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-49)资助。
