摘要
作为我国理水治国和城市生态转型的重大举措,海绵城市成为解决水资源和热岛等相关问题的重要契机。雨水花园是海绵城市技术措施中非常重要和普遍的一种类型,下垫面、植物设计、地形差异、水体等几个方面与普通绿地存在差异。通过结合实测和模型模拟等方法深入分析雨水花园中下垫面和植物设计在微气候影响方面的差异。既有研究发现,雨水花园下垫面特有的覆盖层、填料层、砾石层以及不同厚度填料层具有不同的蓄水蓄热能力、雨水下渗速率及土壤水分的蒸发强度,从而影响土壤湿度,形成微气候差异,雨水花园下垫面相较普通绿地降温降湿更显著,对相对湿度的影响大,形成的不舒适指数更低。模拟结果显示雨水花园下垫面更厚,降温的效果更明显。在植被方面,当雨水花园与普通绿地植被类型相同时,雨水花园降温的效果优于普通绿地。雨水花园与普通绿地微气候差异与植被乔灌草的搭配类型相关,当植被类型为乔灌草时,雨水花园与普通绿地的温度和相对湿度差值最大,植被类型为草本时,雨水花园与普通绿地的温度、相对湿度差值最小。相应研究可为多功能雨水花园提供理论支撑,并提升海绵设施的科学性,促进海绵城市建设目标和内涵的充分实现。
As a major measure of managing water source and urban ecological transformation in China,building spongy city is a key opportunity to solve the problems of water source and urban heat island.Rain garden is one of the most effective and popular measures of sponge city with the difference between normal green land in many elements such as underlying surface,vegetation,topography,water.This study uses the research methods with onsite measure and software simulation,and explores the microclimate influence of rain garden with analysis of underlying surface and vegetation.The research shows that the different layers of mulch,filter media layer,transition zone and their storage capacity of water and heat,rainwater infiltration rate,and evaporation of soil moisture influence soil moisture and microcliamte.Because of those reasons,the underlying surface of rain garden has more marked reduce temperature and humidity than normal Greenland.It also has significant influence on relative humidity,and form Lower discomfort index.The simulation shows that the thicker underlying,the better influence of lower the temperature.For the vegetation,the cooling effect of thicker rainwater garden is better than that of normal green space when rain garden and normal green land have same vegetation types.The microclimate difference between rainwater garden and ordinary green space is related to the arrangement difference types vegetation.When the arrangement types with trees,shrubs and grasses,the temperature and relative humidity difference between rainwater garden and ordinary green space is the largest.When the arrangement types with grasses,the difference is the smallest.This research can provide theory support of multifunction raingarden design,and be more helpful of sponge facilities,promote the full realization of the goal and connotation of sponge city construction.
作者
杨青娟
陈倩
陈睿智
YANG Qing-juan;CHEN Qian;CHEN Rui-zhi(School of Architecture,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China;LuxeLife Property Service Group Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610213,China)
出处
《环境生态学》
2023年第5期19-26,共8页
Environmental Ecology
基金
国家自然基金项目(51408499)资助。
关键词
海绵城市
雨水花园
微气候
下垫面
Sponge city
rain garden
microclimate
underlying surface
