摘要
当前的环境法律责任实践呈现出行政责任虚置、民事责任强势、刑事责任收缩、集合责任过度等问题。编纂《生态环境法典》为重新划定责任分工、优化责任追究力度提供了统筹考虑的平台。环境法律责任的法典化表达,主要面临宏观层面的责任射程范围问题、中观层面的责任表达模式问题与微观层面的责任制度建构问题。在射程范围方面,应当将生态环境损害责任作为民事责任,党政同责作为行政责任以及与行政责任密切关联的刑事责任纳入法典的责任范围;在表达模式方面,应当采用“原则分离+适度统合”的模式将环境民事、行政与刑事责任在法典各编进行对应安置;在制度建构方面,应当对环境民事、行政和刑事责任进行体系化塑造,并构建责任间的“综合考虑”机制以规避单项责任适度而总和责任失衡等问题。
The current practice of environmental legal liability presents problems such as administrative liability in disguise,strong civil liability,restricted criminal liability,and excessive aggregate liability.The codification of the Ecological Environmental Code provides a platform for thorough consideration and coordination to redefine the division of responsibilities,optimize the strength of accountability.The codified expression of environmental legal liability is confronted with problems of the range scope at the macro level,expression mode at the meso level and system construction at the micro level.As for the range scope,damage to the ecological environment as a civil responsibility,joint responsibility of the Party and the government as a special administrative responsibility and the criminal responsibility closely related to environmental administrative responsibility should be included in the legal responsibility category of Ecological Environment Code.As for the expression mode,the legislative model of"separation of principles+appropriate integration"should be adopted,with environmental civil,administrative and criminal responsibilities placed within the framework of corresponding rules of general and specific provisions.As for system construction,it is necessary to systematically construct the subject,object,and content of environmental civil,administrative and criminal responsibility,and construct a"comprehensive consideration"mechanism among responsibilities,with a view to avoid problems,such as moderate investigation of individual liabilities but unbalanced collective liabilities.
出处
《南京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2023年第3期37-50,113,共15页
Journal of Nanjing Tech University：Social Science Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“新时代生态文明建设目标评价考核制度优化研究”(22&ZD138)。
