摘要
目的了解黔东南苗族侗族自治州(简称黔东南州)农村地区生活饮用水水碘含量及分布和8~10岁儿童碘营养水平,为采取有针对性的防治措施和科学调整干预策略提供依据。方法2017年采用分层抽样的方法确定监测点,混合式供水的乡(镇)按东、西、南、北、中片区各随机抽取1个村,集中式供水的村采集1份末梢水,分散式供水的村按东、西、南、北、中片区各随机抽取1口井(≤5口井全抽),采集1份水样。2019—2021年在每个县(市)按东、西、南、北、中5个片区各随机抽取1个乡(镇)的1所小学,每所小学抽取8~10岁非寄宿学生40人。结果共调查2325个生活饮用水监测点,检测水样2325份,水碘含量中位数均<10μg/L,不同县(市)水碘含量差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=318.401,P<0.05)。2019—2021年共检测8~10岁儿童尿样9747份,尿碘中位数211μg/L,不同年度尿碘水平差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=49.546,P<0.05),不同性别尿碘中位数差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=19.162,P<0.05);共检测盐样9747份,盐碘中位数27.1mg/L,碘盐覆盖率99.9%,合格碘盐食用率96.6%,不同年度盐碘含量差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=584.844,P<0.05)。结论黔东南州仍是外环境严重缺碘的地区,2020—2021年8~10岁儿童碘营养处于超适宜状态;应加强健康教育宣传,提倡低盐饮食,警惕盐碘水平过高影响居民身体健康;同时应长期坚持以食用碘盐为主的综合防治措施,从而巩固碘缺乏病防治成果。
Objective To understand the iodine content and distribution in drinking water and iodine nutrition level of children aged 8-10 years in rural areas of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong autonomous prefecture(Qiandongnan prefecture for short),so as to provide scientific evidence for taking targeted prevention and treatment strategies and scientifically adjusting the intervention strategy.Methods The monitoring points were selected with stratified sampling method in 2017.One village was randomly selected from each of the towns(townships)with mixed water supply system.One tap water sample was collected in the vilage with centralized water supply system,and one well was randomly selected in the eastern,western,southern,northern and central parts of the village with the scattered water supply,all water wells were selected if the number of the wells was less the 5,and one water sample was collected from each well.During 2019-2021,one township(town)was randomly selected from each of the eastern,western,southern,northern and central region of every county(city),and one primary school was selected in the township(town).40 non-boarding students aged 8-10 years were selected from each primary school.Results A total of 2325 drinking water monitoring points were investigated,and 2325 water samples were detected,and all median of iodine content was less than 10μg/L.There was no statistical difference in water iodine content in different counties(cities)(χ^(2)=318.401,P<0.05).Totally 9747 urine samples from the children aged 8 to 10 years were detected,and the median of urine iodine content was 211μg/L.There were statistical differences(P<0.05)among the urine iodine levels in different years(χ^(2)=49.546)and between the urine iodine levels in gender(χ^(2)=19.162).All 9747 salt samples were detected,with the median salt iodine of 27.1 mg/L.The coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.9%,and the edible rate of qualified iodized salt was 96.6%.The difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=584.844,P<0.05)in salt iodine content in different years.Conclusions Qiandongnan prefecture is still the area where the iodine is short in external environment.The iodine nutrition of children aged 8-10 years is at the over suitable level from 2020 to 2021.The health education and publicity should be strengthened,and low-salt diet should be advocated.It should be alert to the high level of salt iodine affecting the health of people.The comprehensive prevention and control measures base on the long time consumption of iodized salt should be adhered to,so as to consolidate the outcome of iodine deficiency disorder prevention and treatment.
作者
龙敏
黄小琴
龙英
潘媛
陆显川
LONG Min;HUANG Xiao-qin;LONG Ying;PAN Yuan;LU Xian-chuan(The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Qiandongnan Miao and DongAutonomous Prefecture,Kaili,Guizhou 556000,China)
出处
《疾病预防控制通报》
2023年第2期48-50,84,共4页
Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)
关键词
水碘
农村地区
儿童
Water iodine
Rural area
Children
