摘要
随着水轮机和螺旋桨等过流件的尺寸和转速不断提高,气蚀损坏问题更加突出,因此易施工涂覆且便于设计调控的聚氨酯涂层始终是耐气蚀领域的研究热点。系统回顾了聚氨酯材料在气蚀防护领域的研究发展历程,深刻指出了这类材料作为耐气蚀涂层使用时存在的突出问题,例如耐水性、附着力、机械性能、耐磨性能和防污能力等较差,系统分析了这些因素导致涂层损坏失效的机理。针对上述问题,重点根据聚氨酯独特的分子结构,分别从表面能、电负性、化学键合、接枝改性、添加功能填料等方面,提出了改善聚氨酯涂层在复杂工况下应用性的解决办法。最后,鉴于我国对能够在海洋等苛刻环境中长期稳定服役的高性能气蚀防护涂层的急迫需求,对发展以自愈合聚氨酯为代表的集防污抗气蚀耐磨损自修复等功能于一体的新型聚氨酯材料进行了展望。
As a special form of material destruction,cavitation erosion causes huge economic losses and material losses to ships,water conservancy and hydropower industries every year,especially irreversible damage to key parts such as turbine and propeller,which seriously affects the economic development and safety management of the aquatic industry.Fortunately,with the in-depth study of cavitation generation,harm and protective measures,it is found that polyurethane polymer is a good anti-cavitation erosion coating material and its excellent impact resistance,low price and high elasticity will greatly reduce or even offset the harm caused by cavitation erosion.In addition,the coating area of polyurethane is very wide and the construction is convenient,which greatly reduces the construction difficulty.These outstanding advantages make polyurethane elastomer materials occupy an extremely important position in the field of cavitation erosion resistance.With the increasing size and speed of flow parts such as turbines and propellers,the problem of cavitation damage becomes more prominent.Therefore,polyurethane coating which is easy to apply,design and control is always the research focus in the field of cavitation resistance.In order to better promote the development of cavitation erosion resistant polyurethane elastomer materials and meet the needs of practical application,the cavitation erosion was reported for the first time,and presented to illustrate the effects of water industry and related harm.By comparing the metal coating and organic coating as the merits and demerits of the cavitation erosion resistance materials,the results indicated that polyurethane coating had strong impact resistance,high resilience polyurethane elastomer,and convenient construction and the coating area was extensive,arousing the research interest of Chinese and foreign scholars,and was considered as a kind of material with the most application potential in China and abroad,and required to be further studied.Then,the development history of polyurethane elastomer cavitation erosion resistance coating in China and abroad was summarized and the existing problems of polyurethane elastomer as anti-cavitation erosion coating were pointed out deeply,and how to solve these problems was comprehensively and systematically analyzed.Low surface energy functional group was introduced on the polyurethane and the effect of the resistance on water and adhesion of polyurethane composite coating was discussed through chemical modification,inorganic nanofillers on polyurethane abrasion resistance,mechanical properties and the effect of adding active anti-fouling ions on PU soil resistance was analyzed.Combined with the structure of polyurethane,special specific strategies and methods were given.At present,most of the researches on polyurethane anti-cavitation erosion coating in China and abroad still focus on the evaluation of anti-cavitation erosion ability,and the damage mechanism of cavitation erosion on polyurethane has not been a reasonable explanation.According to previous studies,erosion damage to polyurethane is mainly in the form of mechanical damage and thermal damage,but the effect of these two damage forms on molecular weight,functional group and elemental valence state of polyurethane is unknown.On this basis,the development direction of cavitation erosion resistant polyurethane elastomer coating is pointed out,from cavitation erosion on the damage mechanism of polyurethane exploration into how to introduce the self-healing polyurethane coating.Finally,in view of the urgent demand for high-performance cavitation resistance coating that can be used stably for a long time in harsh environments such as the ocean,the development of new polyurethane materials,such as self-healing polyurethane,which integrates the functions of antifouling,cavitation resistance,wear resistance and self-repair,is reasonably prospected.
作者
王天聪
侯国梁
苏琼
崔海霞
陈磊
周惠娣
陈建敏
WANG Tian-cong;HOU Guo-liang;SU Qiong;CUI Hai-xia;CHEN Lei;ZHOU Hui-di;CHEN Jian-min(Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials CAS,Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of Chemical Industry,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,China)
出处
《表面技术》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期153-165,共13页
Surface Technology
基金
中国科学院材料磨损与防护重点实验室青年基金(SYSQJ-2020-1)
中国科学院青年创新促进会会员资助(2020416)
陇原青年创新创业人才项目。
关键词
聚氨酯涂层
气蚀
损伤机理
改性
多功能
polyurethane coating
cavitation erosion
damage mechanism
modification
multi-function
