摘要
三维打印(three-dimensional printing, 3D打印)作为一项可以快速小批量生产定制产品的加工技术,在园艺园林方向的应用潜力巨大。本研究借鉴3D打印缓释配方相关研究,完成单材料载体配方肥各组分的初步筛选,利用材料挤出3D打印技术成功打印出以海藻酸钠或黄原胶为黏结剂、甘露醇为填充剂、固定配比的乙醇溶液为溶剂、海泡石为增稠剂、尿素为核心肥料的单材料载体配方肥,确定尿素在海藻酸钠作为黏结剂时的最高添加比例为1∶4(尿素与溶剂质量体积比),而在黄原胶作为黏结剂时的最高添加比例为3∶4(尿素与溶剂质量体积比);明确了用氯化钾、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸锌在最佳配方下替换尿素也可以实现打印;还通过多材料挤出3D打印技术进一步探讨了不同养分组合和元素耦合的打印可能性。通过打印参数调节试验明确了配方肥的最佳打印条件:打印速度200 mm/min、挤出速度0.02 mm/s、挤出高度1 mm、喷嘴直径1 mm。通过砂柱淋洗法进一步研究了不同配方肥的控释周期,发现不同配方及打印后处理下的单材料载体配方肥控释周期存在明显差异,经海泡石改良后的配方可以明显改变单材料载体配方肥的养分释放速率,其控释周期最长可达30 d。
As a processing technology that can rapidly fabricate customized products in small batches,three-dimensional(3D)printing has great application potential in horticultural gardens.On the basis of existing studies on controlled releasing materials for 3D printing,the carrier materials for solo nutrition were developed after a range of formulation screening.The new formulations were suitable for material extrusion 3D printing and the single-material carrier formulation fertilizer contained sodium alginate or xanthan gum as a binder,mannitol as a filler,ethanol/water with fixed ratio as a solvent,sepiolite as a thickening agent,and urea as the core fertilizer.It was confirmed that the maximum adding ratio of urea could reach 1∶4[m(urea)∶V(solvent)]when using sodium alginate as a binder,while the maximum adding ratio could reach 3∶4[m(urea)∶V(solvent)]when using xanthan gum as a binder.It was confirmed that the developed formulation could also be used as the carrier of other types of nutrients including KCl,K2HPO4,and ZnSO4.This work also demonstrated that it was possible to combine different nutrients and achieve element couplings by using multi-material extrusion 3D printing technology.Through the printing parameter adjustment experiment,the optimal printing was achieved when the printing speed was 200 mm/min,and the extrusion speed was 0.02 mm/s,and the extrusion height was 1 mm,and the nozzle diameter was 1 mm.The controlled release period of different formulations were further studied by the sand column leaching method.There were significant differences between the controlled release period of single-material carrier formulation fertilizers under different formulations and their post-treatments.The modified formulation with sepiolite can obviously change the release rate of single-material carrier formula fertilizer and the longest controlled release period reached 30 d.
作者
张鑫
伍倩
马庆旭
尹俊
何寅峰
吴良欢
ZHANG Xin;WU Qian;MA Qingxu;YIN Jun;HE Yinfeng;WU Lianghuan(Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health,Ministry of Education,College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,Zhejiang,China;Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute,Ningbo 315000,Zhejiang,China)
出处
《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期398-412,共15页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31801936)。
关键词
材料挤出三维打印
新型肥料
园艺园林
控释效果
material extrusion three-dimensional(3D)printing
new fertilizer
horticultural garden
controlled release effect
